Zusammenfassung
Ob die Haltung der LWS lordotisch oder kyphotisch ist, spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Entstehung von LWS-Schmerzen und LWS-Verletzungen, deren sozioökonomischen Auswirkungen enorm sind. Um Schmerzen und Verletzungen zu vermeiden, gilt es daher, jene Haltungsbiomechanik zu identifizieren, die dafür anfälliges spinales Gewebe schont.
Abstract
Whether the posture of the lumbar spine is lordotic or kyphotic plays a decisive role for the development of lowback pain and lowback injuries which an have enormous socioeconomic impact. In order to prevent pain and injuries it is essential to identify the postures that limit the stress to susceptible spinal tissue.
Schlüsselwörter
Heben - LWS - Extension - Flexion - Kyphose - Lordose
Key words
Lifting - lumbar spine - extension - flexion - kyphosis - lordosis
Literatur
-
1
Adams M A, Hutton W C.
The effect of posture on the role of the apophysial joints in resisting intervertebral compressive forces.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.
1980;
62-B
358-362
-
2
Adams M A, Hutton W C.
The mechanical function of the lumbar apophyseal joints.
Spine.
1983;
8
327-330
-
3
Adams M A, Dolan P, Hutton W C.
The Lumbar Spine in Backward Bending.
Spine.
1988;
13
1019-1026
-
4
Anderson R.
The back pain of bus drivers.
Spine.
1991;
17
1481-1488
-
5
Andersson G BJ.
Guest Editorial on Low Back Pain.
Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development.
1997;
34
IX-X
-
6
Bogduk N, Macintosh J E.
The applied anatomy of the thoracolumbar fascia.
Spine.
1984;
9
164-170
-
7
Chaffin D B, Page G B.
Postural effects on biomechanical and psychophysical weight-lifting limits.
Ergonomics.
1994;
37
663-676
-
8
Cholewicki J, McGill S M.
Lumbar posterior ligament involvement during extremely heavy weights estimated from fluoroscopic measurements.
J Biomechanics.
1992;
25
17-28
-
9
Cohen-Mansfield J, Culpepper W J, Carter P.
Nursing staff back injuries.
AAOHN Journal.
1996;
44
9-17
-
10
Delitto R S, Rose S J.
An electromyographic analysis of two techniques for squat lifting and lowering.
Physical Therapy.
1989;
72
438-448
-
11
Dolan P, Adams M A.
The relationship between EMG activity and extensor moment generation in the erector spinae muscles during bending and lifting activities.
J Biomechanics.
1993;
26
513-522
-
12
Dolan P, Early M, Adams M A.
Bending and compressive stresses acting on the lumbar spine during lifting activities.
J Biomechanics.
1994;
10
1237-1248
-
13
Dolan P, Mannion A F, Adams M A.
Passive tissues help the back muscles to generate extensor moment during lifting.
J Biomechanics.
1994;
27
1077-1085
-
14
Dunlop R B, Adams M A, Hutton W C.
Disc space narrowing and the lumbar facet joints.
J Bone Joint Surg (Br).
1984;
66B
706-710
-
15
Farmer J C, Wisneski R J.
Cervical spine nerve root compression.
Spine.
1994;
19
1850-1855
-
16
Gracovetsky S, Farfan H F, Lamy C.
The mechanism of the lumbar spine.
Spine.
1981;
6
249-262
-
17
Gracovetsky S, Farfan H F, Helleur C.
The abdominal mechanism.
Spine.
1985;
10
317-324
-
18
Heylings D JA.
Supraspinous and interspinous ligament of the human lumbar spine.
Journal of Anatomy.
1978;
125
127-131
-
19
Kelsey J L, White A A.
Epidemiology and impact of lower back pain.
Spine.
1980;
5
133-142
-
20
Kelsey J L, Githens P B, White A A.
An epidemiologic study of lifting and twisting on the job and risk for acute prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disk.
J Orthop Res.
1984;
2
61-66
-
21
Khalaf K A, Parnianpour M, Sparto P J. et al .
Modeling of functional trunk muscle performance: Interfacing ergonomics and spine rehabilitation in response to the ADA.
Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development.
1997;
34
459-469
-
22
Lewin T, Moffet B, Viidik A.
The morphology of the lumbar synovial intervertebral joints.
Acta Morphol Neelando-Scandinav.
1962;
4
299-319
-
23
Long D M, BenDabba M, Torgerson W S. et al .
Persistent back pain and sciatica in the United States: patient characteristics.
Journal of Spinal Disorders.
1996;
9
40-58
-
24
Looze M P, Stassen A RA, Marksal A MT. et al .
Mechanical loading on the back muscles in three methods of refuse collecting.
Ergonomics.
1995;
38
1993-2006
-
25
Macintosh J E, Bogduk N, Pearcy M J.
The effects of flexion on the geometry and actions of the lumbar erector spinae.
Spine.
1993;
18
884-893
-
26
Marras W S, Lavender S A, Leuergans S E. et al .
Biomechanical risk factors for occupationally related low back disorders.
Ergonomics.
1995;
38
377-410
-
27
Matsui H, Maeda A, Tsuji H. et al .
Risk indicators of low back pain among workers in Japan.
Spine.
1997;
22
1242-1248
-
28
McGill S M, Norman R W.
Partitioning of the L4-L5 dynamic moment into disc, ligamentous and muscular components during lifting.
Spine.
1986;
11
666-678
-
29
McGill S M, Norman R W.
Effects of an anatomically correct erector spinae model on L4/L5 disc compression and shear.
J Biomechanics.
1987;
21
329-341
-
30
McGill S M.
Estimation of force and extensor moment contributions of the discs and ligaments at L4-L5.
Spine.
1988;
13
1395-1402
-
31
McGill S M, Norman R W.
Potential of lumbodorsal fascia forces to generate back extension moment during squat lifts.
J Biomed Eng.
1988;
10
312-318
-
32
McGill S M, Patt N, Norman R W.
Measurement of the trunk musculature of active males using CT scan radiography: implications for force and moment generating capacity about the L4/L5 joint.
J Biomechanics.
1988;
10
329-341
-
33
McGill S M.
The influence of lordosis on axial trunk torque and trunk muscle myoelectric activity.
Spine.
1992;
17
1187-1193
-
34
McGill S M, Kippers V.
Transfer of loads between lumbar tissues during the flexion-relaxation phenomenon.
Spine.
1994;
19
2190-2196
-
35
McGill S M.
Distribution of tissue loads in the low back during a variety of daily and rehabilitation tasks.
Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development.
1997;
34
448-458
-
36
Nemeth G, Ohlsen H.
Moment arm lengths of trunk muscles to the lumbodorsal joint obtained in vivo with computed tomography.
Spine.
1986;
11
158-160
-
37
Ortengren R, Andersson G BJ, Nachemson A.
Studies of relationships between lumbar disc pressure, myoelectric back muscle activity and intra-abdominal pressure.
Spine.
1981;
6
98-103
-
38
Osvalder A L, Neumann P, Loevsund P. et al .
Ultimate strength of the lumbar spine in flexion - an in vitro study.
J Biomechanics.
1990;
23
453-460
-
39
Papageorgiou A C, Macfarlane G J, Thomas E. et al .
Psychosocial factors in the workplace - do they predict new episodes of low back pain?.
Spine.
1997;
22
1137-1142
-
40 Paris S V. Foundation of Clinical Orthopedics. 2nd ed. St. Augustine, FL; Institute Press 1990
-
41
Pearcy M, Bogduk N.
Instantaneous axes of rotation of the lumbar intervertebral joints.
Spine.
1988;
13
1033-1041
-
42
Pearcy M, Portek I, Shepherd J.
Three-dimensional x-ray analysis of movement in the lumbar spine.
Spine.
1984;
9
294-297
-
43
Phillips J A, Forrester B, Brown K C.
Low back pain. Prevention and management.
AAOHN.
1996;
44
40-51
-
44
Potvin J R, McGill S M, Norman R W.
Trunk muscle and lumbar ligament contributions to dynamic lifts with varying degrees of trunk flexion.
Spine.
1991;
16
1099-1107
-
45
Rissanen P M.
The surgical anatomy and pathology of supraspinous and interspinous ligaments of the lumbar spine with special reference to ligament receptors.
Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica.
1960;
XLVI
13-100
-
46
Stubbs D A.
Trunk stresses in construction and other industrial workers.
Spine.
1981;
6
83-89
-
47
Taimela S, Kujala U M, Salminen J J. et al .
The prevalence of low back pain amongst children and adolescents.
Spine.
1997;
22
1132-1136
-
48
Tracy M F, Gibson M J, Szypryt E P. et al .
The geometry of the muscles of the lumbar spine determined by magnetic resonance imaging.
Spine.
1989;
14
186-193
-
49
Tveit P, Daggerfeldt K, Hetland S. et al .
Erector Spinae Lever Arm Length Variations with Changes in Spinal Curvature.
Spine.
1994;
19
199-204
-
50
Twomey L T, Taylor J R.
Sagittal movements of the human lumbar vertebral column: a quantitative study of the role of the posterior vertebral elements.
Arch Phys Med Rehab.
1983;
64
322-325
-
51
Williams R, Binkley J, Bloch R. et al .
Reliability of the modified-modified Schöber and double inclinometer methods for measuring lumbar flexion and extension.
Physical Therappy.
1993;
73
26-37
Peter Fischer
Doctor of Physiotherapy, University of St. Augustine/USA
