Computerassistierter Nachweis und automatisierte Volumetrie pulmonaler Rundherde in der Multislice-CT: Aktueller Stand und Perspektiven

Zusammenfassung

Die Entwicklung von Algorithmen für die computerassistierte Detektion (CAD) und Volumenbestimmung kleiner Lungenrundherde in der Multislice-CT dient einer verbesserten Diagnostik und Verlaufsbeurteilung dieser Befunde. Aktuelle Daten zeigen eine verbesserte Detektion vor allem kleiner Herde durch die Verwendung von CAD-Systemen und legen einen Nutzen der computerassistierten Detektion besonders durch erfahrene Radiologen nahe, so dass der routinemäßig eingesetzte Zweitbefunder durch das CAD-System ersetzt werden kann. Darüber hinaus präzisiert der Einsatz automatisierter Volumetrieprogramme die Wachstumsratenbestimmung von Lungenrundherden und bietet somit die Voraussetzung für eine verbesserte Einschätzung der Dignität eines Herdes. In dieser Übersicht werden aktuelle Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der computerassistierten Detektion und Volumetrie von Lungenrundherden vorgestellt und offene Fragen hinsichtlich ihres sinnvollen klinischen Einsatzes beleuchtet.

Abstract

For computer-aided detection (CAD) and volumetry of small pulmonary nodules, a number of algorithms have been developed for multislice CT data sets in recent years, with the goal of improving the diagnostic work-up and the follow-up of findings. Recent data show that the detection of small lesions may improve with CAD, suggesting that especially experienced readers may benefit from using CAD systems. This has lead to the recommendation of CAD as a replacement of the second reader in clinical practice. Furthermore, computer-aided volumetry of pulmonary nodules allows a precise determination of nodular growth rates as a prerequisite for a better classification of nodules as benign or malignant. In this article, we review recent developments of CAD and volumetry tools for pulmonary nodules, and address open questions regarding the use of these software tools in clinical routine.

Key words

Computers - computed tomography - lung - lung neoplasms - software reviews

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