Abnormal external auditory canal anatomy may occur congenitally, as a result of trauma, or following surgery. Knowledge of normal ear anatomy and familiarity with typical variations in abnormal anatomy is essential in understanding special issues encountered when making earmolds. Appropriate earmold material and design is possible in nearly all patients.
External auditory canal - mastoidectomy - congenital ear malformation - atresia - earmold - congenital ear reconstruction