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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-818730
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Einführung der laparoskopischen Splenektomie zur Behandlung der immunogenen thrombozytopenischen Purpura[*]
Introduction of laparoscopic splenectomy for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpuraPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
23. April 2004 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Studienziel: In einer retrospektiven Studie sollten die Wirksamkeit und der Therapieerfolg der
laparoskopischen Splenektomie bei Patienten, die wegen einer immunogenen thrombozytopenischen
Purpura (ITP) in einem Zeitraum von sieben Jahren in unserer Klinik behandelt wurden,
untersucht und mit den Ergebnissen der offenen Splenektomie verglichen werden.
Patienten und Methoden: Es wurden die Daten von 22 konsekutiv behandelten, erwachsenen Patienten mit einer
ITP analysiert, die im Krankenhaus der Kaunas-Universität für Medizin zwischen 1996
und 2002 entweder laparoskopisch (LS-Gruppe: n = 9) oder offen (OS-Gruppe: n = 13)
splenektomiert wurden. Die Indikationen für die Splenektomie bei diesen Patienten
waren entweder ein Nichtansprechen auf die Kortisontherapie oder auf andere Medikamente
und/oder die Abhängigkeit von hohen Kortisondosen, die über eine längere Zeit verabreicht
werden mussten, um eine Thrombozytenzahl von über 50 G/L zu erhalten. Vor der Operation
wurden alle Patienten mit Kortikoiden und/oder intravenös applizierten Immunglobulinen
behandelt, um die Thrombozytenzahl zu erhöhen und so das Risiko einer intraoperativen
Blutung zu senken. Die Wirksamkeit der Operation wurde anhand der Thrombozytenzahl
am Tag vor der Operation und am 1. und 5. postoperativen Tag beurteilt. Die Datenanalyse
beinhaltet das Alter, das Geschlecht, das Körpergewicht, die Körpergröße, den Risikoscore
der American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA), die Anzahl der konvertierten Patienten,
den geschätzten Blutverlust während der Operation, die Operationsdauer, die Fördermenge
der Drainagen, die Morbidität, die Mortalität und die Dauer des postoperativen Krankenhausaufenthaltes.
Ergebnisse: Es ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen der LS- und OS-Gruppen
bezüglich des Alters, des Gewichts, der Größe, dem Geschlecht und dem ASA-Score. Die
mittlere Operationsdauer betrug in der LS-Gruppe 138,8 ± 50,1 min und war damit signifikant
länger als in der OS-Gruppe (102,3 ± 21,3 min). In einem Fall musste aufgrund einer
schweren Blutung aus dem Milzhilus zur Laparotomie konvertiert werden. Postoperative
Komplikationen traten bei jeweils einem Patienten in jeder Gruppe auf. Der mittlere
intraoperative Blutverlust betrug in der LS-Gruppe 460 ± 125 ml und in der OS-Gruppe
510 ± 110 ml (p > 0,05). Die postoperative Drainagemenge und die Dauer der postoperativen
Sekretion waren in der LS-Gruppe signifikant geringer und kürzer als in der OS-Gruppe.
Der postoperative Krankenhausaufenthalt gestaltete sich in der LS-Gruppe (5 ± 1,1
Tage) signifikant kürzer als in der OS-Gruppe (8 ± 1,4 Tage). Unmittelbar nach der
Splenektomie stieg die Thrombozytenzahl in beiden Gruppen signifikant an. Vom Tag
vor der Operation bis zum 1. postoperativen Tag stieg die Thrombozytenzahl in der
LS-Gruppe von 75 ± 57,0 G/L auf 117 ± 84,2 G/L und in der OS-Gruppe von 64 ± 60,1
G/L auf 122 ± 79,3 G/L. Zwischen dem 1. und dem 5. postoperativen Tag kam es in beiden
Gruppen erneut zu einem signifikanten Thrombozytenanstieg (LS-Gruppe: von 117 ± 84,2
G/L auf 259 ± 151,0 G/L, OS-Gruppe: von 122 ± 79,3 G/L auf 258 ± 158,4 G/L).
Schlussfolgerungen: Die laparoskopische und die offene Splenektomie sind effektive Operationsverfahren
zur Behandlung vom Patienten mit ITP und wiesen in unserer Studie eine Ansprechrate
von 100 % auf. Die offene Splenektomie hat den Vorteil der kürzeren Operationszeit.
Die laparoskopische Splenektomie dagegen geht mit geringeren und kürzeren Drainageverlusten
einher und hat den Vorteil des kürzeren postoperativen Krankenhausaufenthalts. Der
Blutverlust während der Operation und die Rate der postoperativen Komplikationen sind
bei beiden Methoden identisch.
Abstract
Aim of the study: Was to evaluate retrospectively the outcomes and efficacy of the laparoscopic splenectomies
for ITP patients, performed at our institution over a period of 7 years and to compare
these results with those after open splenectomies.
Patients and methods: We collected and analyzed data of 22 consecutive adult patients with ITP who underwent
either laparoscopic (LS gr., n = 9) or open (OS gr., n = 13) splenectomy at Hospital
of Kaunas University of Medicine between the years 1996 and 2002. The indications
for splenectomy in these patients were unsuccessful treatment with corticosteroids
or other medications and/or the requirement of high dosages of steroids for prolonged
periods of time to maintain platelet count > 50 G/L before operation. Prior to surgery,
all patients were treated with corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin to
raise the platelet count and to minimize the risk of intraoperative bleeding. The
efficacy of the operation was evaluated by counting platelets one day before surgery
and on the first and fifth postoperative day. Data chosen for analysis included age,
gender, weight, height, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score, number
of converted patients, estimated blood loss during operation, operating time, postoperative
secretion through the drains, morbidity, mortality and postoperative hospital stay.
Results: There were no significant differences between LS and OS groups according patients
age, weight, height, gender and ASA score. The mean operative time was 138.8 ± 50.1
min in LS group and was significantly longer than operative time in OS group (102.3
± 21.3 min). One patient was converted to open splenectomy because of severe bleeding
from splenic hilum. Postoperative complications occurred in one patient from each
group. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 460 ± 125 ml in LS group and 510 ± 140
ml in OS group (p > 0.05). Postoperative secretion through the drains and postoperative
secretion time in LS group was significantly lower and shorter than in OS group. Postoperative
hospital stay in LS group (5 ± 1.1 days) was significantly shorter than in OS group
(8 ± 1.4 days). After splenectomy, there was an immediate increase in the platelet
count of all patients in both groups. Between the day before surgery and the first
postoperative day, the mean platelet count rose significantly from 75 ± 57.0 G/L to
117 ± 84.2 G/L in LS group and from 64 ± 60.1 G/L to 122 ± 79.3 G/L in OS group. Between
the first postoperative day and the fifth postoperative day, the mean platelet count
also rose significantly in both groups: from 117 ± 84.2 G/L to 259 ± 151.0 G/L in
LS group and from 122 ± 79.3 G/L to 258 ± 158.4 G/L in OS group. In the immediate
postoperative period (five days after operation), all LS group and OS group patients
responded to the splenectomy.
Conclusions: Laparoscopic or open splenectomy are equally efficacious in patients with ITP, with
an immediate response rate of 100 % in our study. Our study results show that open
splenectomy appears superior to laparoscopic procedure in terms of shorter operative
time. Laparoscopic splenectomy appears superior to open procedure in terms of postoperative
hospital stay, postoperative drainage time, less postoperative secretion through the
drains. These two approaches are similar with regard to blood loss during operations
and the rate of postoperative compitcations.
Schlüsselwörter
Immunogene thrombozytopenische Purpura - Splenektomie - Laparoskopie
Key words
Immune thrombocytopenic purpurasplenectomy - laparoscopy
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1 Übersetzung: J. Müller, Berlin
Dr. M. Kiudelis
Department of Surgery
Hospital of Kaunas University of Medicine
Eiveniu 2
Kaunas 3007
Lithuania
Telefon: +3 70-37 32 67 51
Fax: +3 70-37 32 61 52
eMail: minkiud@yahoo.com