Zusammenfassung
Das Pilomatrixkarzinom als maligne Variante des Pilomatrixoms ist ein sehr seltener
epithelialer Tumor mit Haarmatrixdifferenzierung. Seit seiner Erstbeschreibung wurden
zirka 80 Fälle, in etwa 10 % davon mit Metastasierung, publiziert. Wir berichten über
einen 83-jährigen Mann, der vor 3 Jahren erstmals einen Tumor am Rücken bemerkt hatte.
Nach mehrfachen auswärtigen Exzisionen war es jeweils zu Lokalrezidiven gekommen.
Die histologischen Untersuchungen ergaben unterschiedliche Resultate (M. Bowen, Plattenepithelkarzinom,
Merkelzellkarzinom). Bei der Erstvorstellung in unserer Klinik fielen bereits vergrößerte
axilläre Lymphknoten auf. Nach Exzision des erneuten lokalen kutanen Tumorrezidivs
und einer Lymphknotenmetastase konnte schließlich die Diagnose eines lymphogen metastasierten
Pilomatrixkarzinoms gesichert werden. Aufgrund dieser differenzialdiagnostischen Schwierigkeiten
werden hier die relevanten klinischen und histomorphologischen Kriterien zur Unterscheidung
des Pilomatrixkarzinoms vom Pilomatrixom, aber auch zur Abgrenzung von anderen epithelialen
Tumoren diskutiert. Aufgrund der geringen Inzidenz des Pilomatrixkarzinoms gibt es
keinen etablierten Therapiestandard, es wird jedoch die radikale Exzision des Tumors
mit einem Sicherheitsabstand von mindestens 5 mm empfohlen.
Abstract
Pilomatrix carcinoma, the malignant counterpart of pilomatrixoma, is a very rare epithelial
tumor with hair matrix differentiation. Since its first description about 80 cases,
of which approximately 10 percent were metastatic, have been published. We report
here a case of an 83 year old man, who for the first time noticed a tumor on his back
in 2001. After several surgical excisions local recurrences appeared in short intervals.
The histological examinations resulted in widely different diagnoses. At his first
visit to our hospital his axillary lymph nodes were already palpable. After excision
of the newly relapsed skin tumor and of the lymph node metastasis the diagnosis of
a pilomatrix carcinoma was confirmed. Due to these differentiating difficulties the
relevant clinical and histomorphological criteria distinguishing pilomatrix carcinoma
and pilomatrixoma, as well as their distinction from other epithelial tumors, are
discussed. Because of the small incidence of the pilomatrix carcinoma there is no
established therapy standard, however the radical surgical excision of this neoplasm
with a safety margin of at least 5 mm is recommended.
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T. Stern
Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie
Klinikum Mannheim gGmbH · Universitätsklinikum · Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1 - 3 · 68167
Mannheim ·
Email: thorsten.stern@haut.ma.uni-heidelberg.de