Stand der radiologischen Bildgebung in der Diagnostik von Erkrankungen der Nieren und oberen Harnwege bei Erwachsenen

Zusammenfassung

In der bildgebenden Diagnostik der Nieren und ableitenden Harnwege vollzieht sich ein Wandel, fort von der klassischen urographischen Darstellung hin zu den modernen Schnittbildverfahren. Die vorliegende Übersicht erörtert den heutigen Stellenwert von intravenöser Urographie, Sonographie, CT und MRT für die Nieren- und Harnwegsdiagnostik bei erwachsenen Patienten. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Effizienz moderner CT- und MR-Untersuchungstechniken zur Erfassung der für die Klinik relevanten diagnostischen Kriterien bei urologischen Erkrankungen wie Urolithiasis, Nierenzellkarzinom, intrinsischen und extrinsischen Harnwegstumoren sowie traumatischen Nierenverletzungen. Strategische Aspekte zum bevorzugten Einsatz der verschiedenen Modalitäten werden ebenfalls berücksichtigt.

Abstract

Diagnostic imaging of the kidneys and urinary tract presently undergoes a change from the classic urographic display to modern cross sectional imaging. This review article presents the current state of intravenous urography, ultrasonography, CT, and MRI for imaging the kidneys and the collecting system in adult patients. Major emphasis is on the efficiency of modern CT and MRI procedures in providing diagnostic information on clinically relevant urologic disorders, such as urolithiasis, renal cell carcinoma, intrinsic and extrinsic tumors of the urinary tract, and renal trauma. This includes the strategic aspects for the preferential use of the diverse modalities.

Kidneys - CT urinary tract - MR urinary tract - CT urography - MR urography - Renal cell carcinoma - Transitional cell carcinoma - Urolithiasis

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