ADHS und Alkoholabhängigkeit: Gemeinsame genetische Grundlagen?

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung: Das Persistieren der Symptome eines Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitäts-Syndroms (ADHS) ins Erwachsenenalter erhöht das Risiko zur Entwicklung einer Abhängigkeit. Genetische Faktoren erklären 50 - 70 % der Varianz eines ADHS, aber auch einer Alkoholabhängigkeit. Das serotonerge System könnte entscheidend an der Pathogenese beider Erkrankungen beteiligt sein. Methodik: Populationsbasierte Assoziationsuntersuchung des Promotorpolymorphismus im Serotonin-Transporter-Gen (5-HTT) und des Cys23Ser-Polymorphismus des 5-HT2c-Rezeptors bei 314 deutschstämmigen Alkoholabhängigen. Ergebnis: 21 % der Alkoholabhängigen zeigten ein ADHS im Erwachsenenalter (DSM-IV). Es zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Verteilung des 5-HTT-Genotyps bzw. der 5-HT2c-Allele zwischen ADHS-positiven und -negativen Alkoholabhängigen bzw. gesunden Kontrollen. Schlussfolgerung: Der putative pathogenetische Beitrag des serotonergen Systems zur Alkoholabhängigkeit und einem AHDS lässt sich nicht auf die von uns gewählten Kandidatengene (5-HTT; 5-HT2c) zurückführen.

Abstract

Introduction: Nearly 50 % of subjects with continuing symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood show a comorbid substance use disorder. Both, ADHD and alcohol dependence have a high genetic load and might even share overlapping sources of genetic liability. Method: We investigated phenotype and 5-HTT/5-HT2c allelic characteristics in 314 alcoholics of German descent. Result: 21 % of the alcoholics fulfilled DSM-IV-criteria of ADHD with ongoing symptoms in adulthood. There was no significant difference in 5-HTT- or 5-HT2c-allele distribution between alcoholics and matched controls or between alcoholics with or without ADHD. Conclusion: In our sample the functional relevant 5-HTT-promoter and the 5-HT2c-receptor Cys23Ser polymorphism do not contribute to the supposed common genetic predisposition of ADHD and alcohol dependence.

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