Zusammenfassung
Bei der Behandlung des symptomatischen Uterus myomatosus werden erst seit wenigen
Jahren neue Wege beschritten. Die perkutane oder laparoskopische Myolyse mittels Magnetresonanz-gesteuertem
fokussierten Ultraschall, Laser oder Koagulation wurden, wie auch die laparoskopische
Ligatur der uterinen Gefäße mittels bipolarer Koagulation oder Clipping, bisher wenig
evaluiert. Bisher übliche Therapieoptionen weisen zum Teil eine Vielzahl von Nachteilen
auf. Trotzdem steht die operative Therapieoption immer noch als herkömmliche Methode
im Mittelpunkt der Behandlung. Die totale laparoskopische Hysterektomie mit Morcellment
stellt zudem ein minimal invasives Vorgehen dar, mit Schonung wichtiger Beckenbodenstrukturen
zur Deszensusprophylaxe und einer sehr raschen Rekonvaleszens der Patientinnen. Eine
weitere neue, minimal-invasive und organerhaltende Therapiemöglichkeit stellt die
transarterielle Katheterembolisation von Uterusmyomen dar, bei welcher die Myome versorgenden
Gefäße insbesondere die Äste der Arteria uterina, unter röntgenologischer Kontrolle
durch Einspritzen von Kunststoff-(Polyvinyl) Kügelchen teilverschlossen werden. Inzwischen
stellt sie eine gute Alternative zu den bekannten Therapieoptionen dar. Untersuchungen
geben für diese Methode eine Beseitigung der Symptomatik zwischen 77 - 93 % an.
Abstract
A number of new approaches in treating symptomatic leiomyomas of the Uterus have been
introduced in recent years. Only little scientific data is available an percutaneous
or laparoscopic myolysis using focussed ultrasound, laser, or coagulation guided by
magnetic resonance imaging or an laparoscopic ligation of the uterine vessels by means
of bipolar coagulation or clipping. Established therapeutic options are limited by
a number of disadvantages, except for total laparoscopic hysterectomy with morcellation.
The latter is a minimally invasive procedure that spares important pelvic structures
and thereby reduces the risk of prolapse and is associated with rapid recovery of
the patients. Another minimally invasive therapeutic approach with preservation of
the uterus is transarterial catheter embolization of uterine leiomyomas in which the
vessels supplying the leiomyomas, in particular the branches of the uterine artery,
are partly occluded by injection of synthetic (polyvinyl) beads. Uterine artery embolization
has since developed into a good alternative to other therapeutic options. Studies
report cure rates ranging from 77 - 93 %.
Schlüsselwörter
Uterus myomatosus - Minimal invasive Therapieoptionen - Transarterielle Katheterembolisation
Key words
Uterine leiomyomas - minimally invasive therapies - uterine artery embolization
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Dr. med. A. Gauruder-Burmester
Deutsches Beckenbodenzentrum an den St. Hedwig Kliniken
Große Hamburger Str. 5 - 11
10115 Berlin
Phone: 0 30/23 11 21 06
Fax: 0 30/23 11 27 28
Email: a.gauruder@alexius.de