Zusammenfassung
Folsäure ist ein wasserlösliches Vitamin und gehört zu der Gruppe der B-Vitamine. Ein Großteil der deutschen Bevölkerung nimmt mit der Nahrung weniger Folate als empfohlen auf. Eine ausreichende Aufnahme ist nicht nur zur Verhütung eines Mangels notwendig, sondern auch zur Krankheitsprävention wünschenswert. So haben zahlreiche Studien der letzten 20 Jahren gezeigt, dass die Folsäureeinnahme vor und während der Schwangerschaft das Auftreten von angeborenen Fehlbildungen vermindern kann. Durch umfangreiche Interventionsstudien wurde hierbei die Risikoreduktion für das Auftreten von Neuralrohrdefekten durch eine perikonzeptionelle Folsäuresupplementation gesichert. Daraufhin wurde in verschiedenen Ländern, wie in den USA, Kanada, Chile und Ungarn eine Anreicherung von Grundnahrungsmitteln gesetzlich festgelegt. Da es in Deutschland keine vergleichbare gesetzliche Regelung gibt, sind Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter für die individuelle Prophylaxe auf folsäurehaltige Supplemente angewiesen.
Summary
Folic acid is a water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex. Investigations have shown that it is often lacking in foodstuffs taken by the German population. An inadequate intake of this vitamin will not only cause symptoms of deficiency, but involves the risk of diseases. Within the past twenty years, a great number of investigations have shown that an intake of folates prior to and after pregnancy can reduce the number of several congenital malformations. Extensive preventive studies have proven that periconceptional supplementation of folates can positively prevent the occurrence of neuronal tube defects. A number of countries, including the USA, Canada, Chile and Hungary, have therefore imposed regulations requiring a respective fortification of basic foodstuffs. Since a comparable direction does not exist in Germany, women of childbearing age are dependent on a preventive prophylaxis by intake of supplements of folates.
Schlüsselwörter
Folsäure - Neuralrohrdefekte - Anreicherung - Mortalität
Key words
Folic acid - folate - neural tube defect - mortality - supplementation
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Dipl. oec. troph. Judith Heinz PD Dr. oec. troph. Jutta Dierkes
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie
Universitätsklinik Magdeburg
Leipziger Str. 44
39120 Magdeburg
eMail: judith.heinz@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de