Zusammenfassung
Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die lernpsychologischen Aspekte der Psychoneuroimmunologie (PNI) dargestellt. Dazu werden zunächst die relevanten lernpsychologischen Paradigmen beschrieben und Immunparameter klassifiziert (Kapitel 1). Lernpsychologische Aspekte in der PNI stützen sich maßgeblich auf das Paradigma der klassischen Konditionierung (KK), weniger auf die instrumentelle Konditionierung. Es werden deshalb zunächst Studien zur KK von Immunparametern vorgestellt und systematisiert, wobei vor allem tierexperimentelle Studien vorliegen (Kapitel 2). Im Hinblick auf die Relevanz der konditionierten Immunmodulation werden klinische Anwendungen der KK berichtet und am Beispiel einer Studie unserer Arbeitsgruppe zur antizipatorischen Immunmodulation bei pädiatrischen Chemotherapiepatienten vertieft (Kapitel 3). Annahmen zur Mediierung der konditionierten Immunmodulation werden zusammengefasst (Kapitel 4). Es wird auch gezeigt (Kapitel 5), inwieweit Kontingenzen der instrumentellen Konditionierung für die Immunmodulation relevant sind. Abschließend werden weitere Forschungsperspektiven aufgezeigt (Kapitel 6).
Abstract
This chapter deals with the role of conditioning principles in psychoneuroimmunology (PNI). We will first describe the paradigms of classical and instrumental conditioning and classify immune parameters that are subject to conditioning (chapter 1). So far, PNI research mainly uses classical (or Pavlovian) conditioning. We will summarize some of the paradigmatic studies, mainly animal studies (chapter 2) and also describe studies that support the clinical relevance of classical conditioning, i. e., in the pharmacological treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplantation and tumor chemotherapy (chapter 3). A study of our group on anticipatory immunomodulation in pediatric cancer patients is reported. Mechanisms mediating conditioned immunomodulation are summarized (chapter 4). We also describe studies that analyze the impact of instrumental conditioning contingencies on immune functioning (chapter 5). Finally, research perspectives are summarized (chapter 6).
Key words
Classical conditioning - instrumental conditioning - immunomodulation - CNS
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PD Dr. rer. nat. Ursula Stockhorst
Institut für Medizinische Psychologie · Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
Postfach 101007
40001 Düsseldorf
Email: ursula.stockhorst@uni-duesseldorf.de
