Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Die Frage nach der optimalen Therapieoption der tiefen Becken- und Beinvenenthrombose wird nach wie vor kontrovers diskutiert. Ziel unserer Studie war es, Früh- und Spätresultate nach iliofemoraler Thrombektomie v. a. im Hinblick auf die Verhinderung der Ausbildung eines postthrombotischen Syndroms zu untersuchen. Methoden: Zwischen 1996 und 2000 wurden 57 Patienten aufgrund akuter tiefer Becken-Beinvenenthrombose mittels iliofemoraler Thrombektomie operiert. 30 Patienten konnten nach im Mittel 60,4 Monaten nachuntersucht werden. Evaluiert wurden jeweils die Durchgängigkeit der einzelnen Venensegmente und die Ausbildung eines Refluxes mittels Duplex-Ultraschall, weiterhin klinische Anzeichen und Symptome einer chronisch venösen Insuffizienz sowie die subjektive Zufriedenheit der Patienten. Ergebnisse: Operativ gelang eine vollständige Rekanalisation der Venen am Unterschenkel in 25 % und im Oberschenkel in 52,3 % der Fälle. Die Offenheitsrate betrug im Bereich der Leiste, des Beckens und der V. cava jeweils 92,5, 86 und 100 %. Bei Nachuntersuchung waren die Venen im Unterschenkel, Oberschenkel und Becken in jeweils 76,7 % und in der Leiste in 73,3 % durchgängig. Die V. cava war in allen Fällen vollständig rekanalisiert. Ein Reflux trat bei 12 Patienten in Erscheinung. 26,7 % der Patienten zeigten keine Anzeichen für das Vorhandensein eines postthrombotischen Syndroms. 63,3 % wiesen leichte Veränderungen mit erweiterten oberflächlichen Venen und Schwellneigung auf und nur bei 10 % fanden sich trophisch bedingte Hautveränderungen. Ein abgeheiltes oder florides Ulkus trat in keinem der Fälle auf. Bis auf einen waren alle Patienten mit dem Ergebnis der Thrombektomie zufrieden. Schlussfolgerungen: Mit der transfemoralen Thrombektomie können bei akuter iliofemoraler Venenthrombose sowohl klinisch wie auch funktionell gute Früh- und Spätresultate erzielt werden. In unserem Patientenkollektiv ließ sich so die Ausbildung eines schweren postthrombotischen Syndroms wirkungsvoll reduzieren.
Abstract
Purpose: The optimal therapy of deep pelvic and leg venous thrombosis is still a matter of debate. The purpose of our study was to evaluate early and late results of iliofemoral thrombectomy with regard to the prevention of the development of a postthrombotic syndrome. Methods: Between 1996 and 2000, 57 patients underwent transfemoral venous thrombectomy for acute iliofemoral thrombosis. 30 patients were reexamined after a mean of 60.4 months. At follow-up, the patency of the venous segments as well as the development of reflux was investigated by duplex-ultrasound. Furthermore, clinical signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency as well as the subjective satisfaction of the patients with the operation were recorded. Results: Postoperatively the veins of the lower leg were completely recanalized in 25 % of the cases, those of the thigh in 52.3 %. The patency rate at the level of the groin, the pelvis and the caval vein were 92.5, 86 and 100 %, respectively. At follow-up, the veins of the lower limb, the thigh and the pelvis were patent in 76.7 % each and in 73.3 % at groin-level. The caval vein was completely recanalized in all cases. Reflux occurred in 12 patients. 26.7 % of the patients showed no signs of a postthrombotic syndrome. 63.3 % had mild changes including dilated superficial veins and swelling tendency, and only in 10 % trophic skin changes were apparent. A healed or active ulceration did not occur in any case. Except one, all patients were satisfied with the results of the thrombectomy. Conclusions: Transfemoral thrombectomy for acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis offers good early and late results in terms of preserving venous function and reducing symptoms of venous insufficiency. In our patient population, the development of a severe postthrombotic syndrome could be reduced effectively.
Schlüsselwörter
venöse Thrombektomie - iliofemorale Venenthrombose - postthrombotisches Syndrom - Langzeitresultate
Key words
venous thrombectomy - iliofemoral vein thrombosis - postthrombotic syndrome - late results
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Dr. med. Bruno Geier
Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie · St.-Josef-Hospital · Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
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