Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Die Frühgeburtlichkeit stellt trotz größter Anstrengungen ein zentrales Thema in
der modernen Geburtsmedizin dar. Fragestellung der vorliegenden Arbeit war, ob Unterschiede
in Bezug auf den perinatalen Zustand bei Kindern mit weniger als 1500 g nach unterschiedlichem
Geburtsmodus vorliegen. Patientinnen und Methodik: Im Rahmen dieser retrospektiven Studie wurden 122 Patientinnen mit einem Gestationsalter
bis zur vollendeten 32. Schwangerschaftswoche untersucht, deren Kinder ein Geburtsgewicht
unter 1500 g aufwiesen. Der perinatale Zustand bei den spontan geborenen Kindern (n
= 26) wurde mit den per sectionem geborenen Kindern (n = 96) verglichen. Ergebnisse: Es waren, was die maternale Situation anbetrifft, bei den Spontangebärenden statistisch
auffällige Werte bei Blasensprung, vorzeitigen Wehen und intravenöser Tokolyse feststellbar.
Die Sectiopatientinnen wiesen in Bezug auf Präeklampsie und pathologisches Cardiotokogramm
bei Aufnahme statistisch auffällige Werte auf. Hinsichtlich des perinatalen Zustandes
waren bei einem p-Wert < 0.05 bei den Spontangebärenden folgende Parameter statistisch
auffällig: C-reaktives Protein 24 Stunden postpartum, peri- und intraventrikuläre
Hirnblutung Grad III, periventrikuläre Leukomalazie und Mortalitätsrate bis zum 7.
Lebenstag. Die Rate an bronchopulmonaler Dysplasie war bei den Sectiopatientinnen
statistisch auffällig höher (p < 0.05). Schlussfolgerung: Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass der Geburtsmodus bei Kindern unter
1500 g den perinatalen Zustand beeinflusst. Jedoch kann keine Aussage darüber getroffen
werden, welcher Geburtsmodus unter bestimmten maternalen und fetalen Bedingungen bevorzugt
werden sollte.
Abstract
Background: Prematurity is a main issue in modern obstetrical care. The purpose of the present
study was to evaluate the perinatal outcome of premature infants weighing less than
1500 g according to the mode of delivery. Patients and Methods: 122 patients with infants weighing less than 1500 g were enrolled in this retrospective
study (26 to 32 weeks of gestation). The perinatal outcomes of 26 infants born by
vaginal delivery were compared to 96 infants delivered by caesarean section. Results: The rates of rupture of membranes, preterm labour and intravenous tocolysis were
significantly increased in patients after vaginal delivery. Preeclampsia and pathological
cardiotocograms were increased in patients after caesarean section. Infants born by
vaginal delivery showed a significant increase of peri- and intraventricular haemorrhage
grade III, periventricular leukomalacia, C-reactive protein 24 hours postpartum and
mortality until the seventh day of life. However, the rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
was significantly increased in infants born by caesarean section (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These data suggest that the mode of delivery affects the perinatal outcome of infants
weighing less than 1500 g. Based on the results of the present study, it appears unclear
which mode of delivery should be preferred, depending on particular material and fetal
factors.
Schlüsselwörter
Frühgeburt - Geburtsgewicht < 1500 g - Geburtsmodus - perinataler Zustand
Key words
Premature delivery - birth weight <1500 g - mode of delivery - perinatal outcome
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OA Dr. med. Winfried Munz
Universitäts-Frauenklinik
Universität des Saarlandes
Kirrberger Straße
66421 Homburg/Saar
Telefon: 06841-1628118
Fax: 06841-1628079
eMail: frwmun@uniklinik-saarland.de