Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Ein großes Problem der navigatorgestützten 3D MR-Koronarangiographie (MRCA) ist die
niedrige Navigatoreffizienz bei Patienten mit unregelmäßigem Atmungsmuster. 3D MAG
ist eine neue prospektive adaptive Navigatortechnik, die sich in Echtzeit Änderungen
der endexspiratorischen Zwerchfellposition anpasst. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, den
Einfluss von 3D MAG auf die MRCA zu untersuchen. Material und Methoden: 48 Patienten mit V.a. KHK wurden an einem 1,5-T-Gerät mit einer EKG-getriggerten
Gradienten-Echo-Sequenz mit Echtzeit-Gating der Zwerchfellbewegung mit 3D MAG und
Standardnavigator untersucht. Die MRCAs wurden nach folgenden Kriterien evaluiert
und verglichen: 1. Navigatoreffizienz und Messzeit, 2. Länge der visualisierten Koronarsegmente,
3. Beurteilung der Bildqualität (4-Punkte-Skala: 1: nicht diagnostisch, 5: sehr gut),
4. Detektion von Gefäßstenosen > 50 %. Ergebnisse: Der Einsatz von 3D MAG bewirkte eine signifikante Verbesserung der Navigatoreffizienz
um 21 % und Reduktion der Messzeit um 18 % im Vergleich zur Standardnavigatortechnik
(p < 0,05). Es gab keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Länge der visualisierten
Koronarsegmente, der Bildqualität (3,59 ± 0,65 vs. 3,54 ± 0,76) und der Stenosendetektion
(Sensitivität: 83 % vs. 83 % und Spezifität: 89 % vs. 88 %) zwischen den MRCA mit
und ohne Verwendung von 3D MAG (p > 0,05). Schlussfolgerung: 3D MAG verkürzt bei der MRCA im Vergleich zur Standardnavigatortechnik signifikant
die Messzeit (p < 0,05) bei erhaltener Bildqualität und diagnostischer Aussagekraft
bezüglich des Nachweises von Koronararterienstenosen.
Abstract
Purpose: A major problem of free breathing coronary MR angiography (MRA) with respiratory
navigator gating is low navigator efficiency and prolonged scan time due to irregular
breathing patterns. 3D motion adapted gating (MAG) is a new adaptive navigator technique,
which adapts in real time to changes of the end-expiratory position of diaphragm.
This study evaluates the influence of 3D MAG on coronary MRA. Methods and Materials: In 3D MAG, two additional gating windows are grouped around the conventional window.
Additionally, each gating window is divided into three bands assigned to different
portions of the k-space. The scan is terminated when three consecutive bands are filled
and one complete image data set is collected. Free breathing navigator-gated coronary
MRA was performed on 48 patients with suspected coronary artery disease. In random
order, each patient underwent an ECG-gated, a 3D segmented k-space gradient echo sequence
using 3D MAG and a conventional navigator technique. The coronary MRA was evaluated
and compared using the following parameters: 1. navigator efficiency and scan time;
2. visualized coronary artery length; 3. qualitative assessment of image quality;
and 4. detection of stenoses > 50 % in comparison with catheter angiography. Results: Coronary MRA with 3D MAG had a significant increase in the average navigator efficiency
(46 % ± 12 % vs. 38 % ± 12 %, p < 0.05), resulting in a significantly shorter scan
time (mean: 18 % ± 4 %, p < 0.05) for coronary MRA with 3D MAG compared to conventional
navigator technique. Scans with and without 3D MAG had no significant differences
in the continuously visualized vessel lengths, in the assessed image quality and in
the sensitivity and specificity (83 % and 89 % vs. 83 % and 88 %, p > 0.05) of detecting
coronary artery stenoses > 50 %. Conclusion: The 3D MAG technique improves the navigator efficiency and significantly (p < 0.05)
shortens the scan time of navigator gated coronary MRA while maintaining image quality
and diagnostic accuracy in the detection of coronary artery stenoses.
Key words
Magnetic resonance (MR) - coronary MR angiography - coronary vessels - coronary artery
disease - navigator technique
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Dr. M. Hackenbroch
Universität Bonn, Radiologische Klinik
Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25
53127 Bonn
eMail: matthias.hackenbroch@ukb.uni-bonn.de