Zusammenfassung
Gastrointestinale Stromatumoren (GIST) kommen im Regelfall als solitäre sporadische Läsionen vor. Seltener werden GIST in Verbindung mit anderen sporadischen Neoplasien, bzw. im Rahmen einer multineoplastischen Erkrankung wie z. B. der Carney-Trias und dem Morbus Recklinghausen, beobachtet. Wir analysierten ein Patientenkollektiv von 97 histologisch gesicherten GIST-Fällen mit verfügbaren Nachsorgedaten, um die Häufigkeit und das morphologische Spektrum von Non-GIST-Malignomen bei GIST-Patienten zu studieren. Dabei fanden wir 18 Patienten (18,6 %; 12 Frauen und 6 Männer) mit einem Zweitmalignom. Die GIST ließen sich im Magen (12), im Dünndarm (4), im Duodenum (1) und in der Appendix vermiformis (1) lokalisieren. Bei den Zweitmalignomen handelt es sich um 18 Karzinome (9 Adenokarzinome im Gastrointestinaltrakt/Pankreas, 2 Endometriumkarzinome, ein Ovarialkarzinom, 2 Mammakarzinome, ein Nierenzellkarzinom, ein Prostatakarzinom und 2 Lungenkarzinome) und zwei hämatolymphoide Neoplasien (ein hochmalignes B-Zell-Lymphom und ein Plasmozytom). Die meisten GIST (16/18) stellten relativ kleine, wohl benigne Läsionen, dar, die im Rahmen des Staging-Verfahrens für die bekannte Neoplasie, intraoperativ oder bei der Nachsorge festgestellt wurden. Bei zwei Patientinnen (43 und 72 Jahre alt) fanden sich vergleichsweise große GIST (10,5 cm großer GIST im Duodenum mit gleichzeitigen Lebermetastasen bei der einen Patientin und ein 12 cm großer GIST im Magen bei der anderen Patientin). Beide Patientinnen entwickelten ein duktal-invasives Mammakarzinom. Eine Patientin entwickelte später ein Endometriumkarzinom und ein Rezidiv des Mammakarzinoms und wurde operativ behandelt. Die andere Patientin entwickelte 75 Monate später ein GIST-Rezidiv im Oberbauch. Beide Patientinnen leben noch (75 und 95 Monate nach der Erstdiagnose) ohne Tumorresiduen oder Progredienz. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen eine hohe Inzidenz von GIST als meist benigne (harmlose) Zweittumoren bei Patienten mit bekanntem Malignom. Dieses Phänomen sollte bei der Differenzialdiagnostik metastasenverdächtiger (im Rahmen eines Stagings, intraoperativ oder bei der Nachsorge entdeckter) Herdbildungen berücksichtigt werden, um eine Fehlinterpretation und die damit verbundenen gravierenden therapeutischen Fehlentscheidungen zu vermeiden.
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) occur mostly as sporadic solitary lesions involving the tubular GI tract and are only rarely associated with other benign or malignant neoplasms or occur as part of a multi-neoplastic disease as in the setting of Carney’s triad and von Recklinghausen’s disease. We analysed a total of 97 cases of surgically resected GIST looking for various types of associated non-GIST malignancies. 18 cases (18.6 %) were identified. There were 12 women and 6 men aged 43 to 87, average age 71.7 years. 12 GISTs were located in the stomach, four in the small intestine, and one each in the duodenum and the vermiform appendix. Associated malignancies (mostly carcinomas) were gastrointestinal/pancreatic (9), gynaecological (3), mammary (2), renal (1), prostatic (1), pulmonary (2) and haematolymphoid (2) in origin. Most GISTs (16/18) represented benign or low-risk lesions (innocent bystanders) detected during evaluation for the known cancer, either during staging, intra-operatively or on follow-up. Two women (43 and 72 years old) with large malignant GISTs (10.5 and 12 cm), one of them with two simultaneous hepatic metastases resected at the same time as the primary GIST, developed infiltrating ductal mammary carcinoma and were alive and well 75 and 95 months postoperatively, respectively. Furthermore, one of them developed endometrial carcinoma. We concluded that GISTs are not uncommonly encountered in cancer-patients during staging, intraoperatively or on follow-up and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of newly detected focal lesions to avoid their misinterpretation as metastasis from the known malignancy with consequently false therapeutic decisions.
Schlüsselwörter
GIST - Carney-Trias - Syndrom - Koinzidenz - Karzinom
Key words
GIST - Carney’s triad - syndrome - co-incidence - carcinoma
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Abbas Agaimy, MD
Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Nürnberg
Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Straße 1
90419 Nürnberg
Germany
Phone: ++ 49/9 11/3 98-25 33
Fax: ++ 49/9 11/3 98-21 21
Email: abbas.agaimy@klinikum-nuernberg.de