Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Analyse der Inzidenz der Frühgeborenenretinopathie (RPM), des Schweregrades und des
Behandlungszeitpunkts für ein retinologisches Zentrum der Tertiärversorgung. Patienten und Methode: Zwischen 1991 und 2001 wurden 666 Säuglinge mit einem Gestationsalter (GA) < 33 Wochen
oder einem Geburtsgewicht (GG) < 1501 g prospektiv erfasst und augenärztlich untersucht.
Eine Koagulationsbehandlung wurde bei Erreichen der Schwellenkriterien zur Therapie,
in Anlehnung an die „Cryo-ROP”-Studie, durchgeführt. Alle Säuglinge wurden bis zum
Erreichen eines stabilen Netzhautbefundes kontrolliert. Ergebnisse: Das GA bzw. das GG der 666 Säuglinge betrug im Mittel 28,5 ± 2,3 Wochen bzw. 1180
± 372 g. Mittleres GA und GG nahmen im Beobachtungszeitraum ab. Eine Veränderung in
der Inzidenz der RPM ließ sich nicht nachweisen. 460 Säuglinge (69,1 %) entwickelten
keine pathologische Netzhautveränderung. Die maximale Netzhautveränderung am schlechteren
Auge war bei 51 Säuglingen (7,6 %) das Stadium 1, bei 59 (8,9 %) das Stadium 2 und
bei 62 (9,3 %) das Stadium 3 unterhalb der Schwellenkriterien zur Behandlung. 34 (5,1
%) Säuglinge wurden koaguliert. Ein Stadium 3 mit nachfolgender Behandlung trat im
Mittel mit 36,5 postmenstruellen bzw. mit 10,7 Lebenswochen auf. Der Behandlungszeitpunkt
korrelierte besser mit der Lebenswoche als mit der postmenstruellen Woche. Kein Kind
wurde vor 7 Lebenswochen bzw. 32 postmenstruellen Wochen behandelt. Schlussfolgerung: Durch das Überleben immer unreiferer Kinder kam es in diesem Patientengut zu einer
Abnahme des mittleren GA und GG. Eine Veränderung in der Inzidenzrate der RPM ließ
sich jedoch nicht nachweisen. Die Behandlungsinzidenz entspricht im Wesentlichen der
anderer internationaler Studien. Im Gegensatz zu der „Cryo-ROP”-Studie ließ sich eine
bessere Korrelation des Behandlungszeitraums mit dem postnatalen Alter als mit dem
postmenstruellen Alter nachweisen. Alle behandlungsbedürftigen Befunde wurden durch
die aktuellen Screening-Leitlinien zeitgerecht erfasst.
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the results of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
screening, stage of disease and time of treatment from one tertiary care centre. Patients and methods: Between 1991 and 2001, 666 infants with a gestational age (GA) < 33 weeks or birth
weight (BW) less than < 1501 g were examined. Coagulation treatment was performed
in accordance with the Cryo-ROP study, after reaching the threshold. All infants were
followed-up until a stable retinal situation was reached. Results: Mean GA of the 666 infants was 28.5 ± 2.3 weeks. Mean BW was 1180 ± 372 g. During
the years of screening, the GA and BW significantly decreased, but no significant
change in the yearly incidence of ROP was detected. 460 (69.1 %) of the infants did
not develop any stage of ROP. Maximum stage of ROP in the worse eye was stage one
in 51 (7.6 %) infants, stage two in 59 (8.9 %) infants and stage three below threshold
in 62 (9.3 %) infants. 34 (5.1 %) infants were treated with coagulation treatment.
Mean time of treatment was 36.5 weeks postmenstrual age, or 10.7 weeks postnatal age.
Postnatal age showed a better correlation to treatment time than postmenstrual age.
No infant was treated before seven weeks of life and not before 32 weeks postmenstrual
age. Conclusion: In spite of the increasing survival of children with lower GA and BW the incidence
of ROP has not increased, and the incidence of ROP in our centre appears to be comparable
to other international studies. In contrast to the Cryo-ROP study, treatment time
correlates better to postnatal age than to postmenstrual age. All infants who underwent
treatment were detected at an appropriate time using German screening guidelines.
Schlüsselwörter
RPM Screening - RPM-Inzidenz - Behandlungszeitpunkt - Behandlungsalter
Key words
ROP screening - ROP incidence - treatment time - age at treatment
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PD Dr. Claudia Jandeck
Universitätsaugenklinik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin
Hindenburgdamm 30
12200 Berlin
Phone: ++ 49/30/84 45 23 31
Fax: ++ 49/30/84 45 44 50
Email: claudia.jandeck@charite.de