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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-858597
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Diagnostische Abklärung der schmerzlosen Mikrohämaturie: Prospektive Studie zum Vergleich von Bildqualität, Beurteilbarkeit und diagnostischer Sicherheit von MDCT und IVU in einem Untersuchungsgang
Diagnostic Assessment of Painless Microhematuria: Prospective Study Comparing Image Quality, Assessibility and Diagnostic Certainty of Multidetector-row CT and Intravenous Pyelography Within a Single ExaminationPublication History
Publication Date:
16 September 2005 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Vergleich der intravenösen Urographie (IVU) und der Multi-Detector-CT (MDCT) in der Nativ- und Exkretionsphase bezüglich Bildqualität, subjektiver diagnostischer Sicherheit und Nachweis von Pathologien bei Patienten mit schmerzloser Mikrohämaturie in einer prospektiven Studie. Material und Methoden: Untersuchung von 59 konsekutiven Patienten (21 Frauen, 38 Männer, mittleres Alter 56 ± 19 Jahre [23 - 83 Jahre]) mit schmerzloser Mikrohämaturie unklarer Genese mittels einer nativen MDCT, einer intravenösen Urographie (IVU) und einer MDCT in der Exkretionsphase in einem Untersuchungsgang mit einer Kontrastmittelinjektion (100 ml nichtionisches Kontrastmittel). Auswertung der Bilder durch zwei Radiologen im Konsensus bezüglich Bildqualität, subjektiver diagnostischer Sicherheit und Nachweis pathologischer Veränderungen wie Konkremente, Stauung und Parenchymläsionen im Vergleich zur klinischen Abschlussdiagnose nach einer Nachbeobachtung von 18 ± 6 Monaten. Zudem wurden Untersuchungskosten und Strahlenexposition verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die MDCT zeigt sich in der Bildqualität der IVU überlegen. Die Bildqualität in der MDCT war bei nahezu allen Parametern gut bis sehr gut, in der IVU dagegen sehr inhomogen. MDCT und IVU erreichten Sensitivitäten von 100 bzw. 50 % beim Nachweis von Konkrementen (n = 14, p = 0,008). Beide Methoden waren in der Detektion von Urothelkarzinomen nicht zufrieden stellend. 38 von 59 Patienten (64 %) zeigten im klinischen Verlauf in einem Zeitraum bis zu 24 Monaten über keine fassbaren, die Mikrohämaturie erklärenden Pathologien. Die Kosten der IVU waren mit 283 € geringer als die der Nativ-MDCT (380 €) oder der 2-Phasen-MDCT (560 €). Die Strahlenexposition war bei der MDCT (23 - 27 mSv) größer als bei der IVU (2,3 mSv). Schlussfolgerung: Die MDCT ist hinsichtlich der Bildqualität, der subjektiven diagnostischen Sicherheit und der diagnostischen Qualität beim Konkrementnachweis der IVU signifikant überlegen. Da Konkremente eine häufige Ursache der schmerzlosen Mikrohämaturie darstellen, ist die MDCT der IVU als diagnostische Modalität vorzuziehen.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to prospectively compare intravenous pyelography (IVP) and combined unenhanced and excretory phase multidetector-row CT (MDCT) with respect to image quality, diagnostic certainty and diagnostic concordance with the final clinical diagnosis in patients with painless microhematuria. Materials and Methods: Unenhanced MDCT, IVP and excretory phase MDCT were performed in 59 consecutive patients (21 women, 38 men, mean age 56 ± 19 years, range 23 - 83 years) with painless microhematuria of unknown origin during a single examination with a single contrast media application (100 ml, non-ionic iodinated contrast media). Images were assessed by two experienced urogenital radiologists in consensus for image quality, diagnostic certainty of stone detection, obstruction, parenchymal lesions and morphological distinctive features. Imaging diagnoses of MDCT and IVP were compared with the final clinical diagnoses. In case of failure to detect an relevant pathology, the final clinical diagnosis was established after a mean follow-up period of 18 ± 6 months (10 months to 2 years). Costs and radiation exposure of IVP and MDCT were compared. Results: MDCT scan performed better than IVP in terms of image quality for all regarded variables. Image quality of MDCT was rated in all parameters as very good or good; the image quality of IVP differed in a wide range. MDCT and IVP reached a sensitivity of 100 % and 50 % for stone detection (n = 14, p = 0.008), respectively. Two bladder stones were not detected by IVU but correctly seen with MDCT. MDCT and IVP were unsatisfactory for detecting transitional cell carcinomas (n = 4, 2 of 4 detected with MDCT, 0 of 4 detected with IVU). One false positive transitional cell carcinoma was detected with IVP, none with MDCT. Additional relevant pathological changes (one teratoma, one abdominal aortic aneurysma and one abscess) were detected using MDCT but missed with IVP. In 38 of 59 patients (64 %) imaging and clinical follow-up over up to 24 months did not reveal any pathology to explain the microhematuria. The costs of the IVP (283 Euro) were lower compared with non-enhanced MDCT (380 Euro) or combined non-enhanced and contrast-enhanced MDCT (560 Euro). The radiation exposure was 23 - 27 mSv for MDCT and 2.3 mSv for IVP. Conclusion: MDCT performed better regarding image quality, subjective diagnostic certainty and diagnostic results with respect to stone detection. Since urolithiasis is a frequent cause of painless microhematuria MDCT is recommended as the initial imaging modality rather than IVU.
Key words
Spiral CT - urography - urinary - calcifications/calculi - IVP - microhematuria
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PD Dr. med. Thomas Boehm
Department für Radiologie, Spitäler Chur AG
Loestrasse 170
7000 Chur/Graubünden
Phone: ++ 41/81/256 - 6452
Fax: ++ 41/81/256 - 6685
Email: thomas_boehm@gmx.net