Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Charakterisierung atypischer Hirnaktivierung bei Patienten mit konnataler spastischer Hemiparese durch Untersuchung des motorischen Hand-, Fuß- und Zungenareals mit der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT). Material und Methoden: Untersucht wurden 11 Patienten mit einer konnatalen spastischen Hemiparese, der bildmorphologisch periventrikuläre Leukomalazien (PVL) (8 Patienten) und kortiko-subkortikale Läsionen (3 Patienten) zugrunde lagen. Das Ausmaß der Hemiparese wurde anhand von motorischen Tests an oberer und unterer Extremität erhoben. Die fMRT-Messung bestand aus Hand-, Fuß- und Zungenbewegungen im Blockdesign. Ergebnisse: Bei drei PVL-Patienten fand sich eine nach lateral abweichende kortikale Repräsentation des paretischen Fußes. Bei allen Patienten mit kortiko-subkortikalen Läsionen kam die Zunge einseitig in der nicht geschädigten Hemisphäre zur Darstellung. Bei Bewegung der paretischen Extremität zeigten die PVL-Patienten häufiger ipsilaterale Aktivität als Patienten mit kortiko-subkortikalen Läsionen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die strukturell verschiedenen Schädigungen PVL und kortiko-subkortikale Läsionen unterschiedliche Aktivierungsmuster in der fMRT aufweisen.
Abstract
Purpose: We applied fMRI to investigate atypical cortical activation in patients with connatal spastic hemiparesis using voluntary movements of the hand, foot, and tongue. The relation between the findings from fMRI and the motor dysfunction was examined. Materials and Methods: 11 patients with connatal spastic hemiparesis were studied. Eight of these patients had periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), and three patients had cortical-subcortical lesions. To evaluate the severity of motor impairment tests for the upper and lower limb were performed. fMRI data were obtained in a block design using hand, foot, and tongue movements. As a control group, 14 healthy volunteers were examined with the fMRI protocol. Results: A laterally cortical representation of the paretic foot was found in three patients with PVL. In patients with cortical-subcortical lesions, tongue movements were associated with cortical activation restricted to the unaffected hemisphere. Movements of the paretic limb showed more ipsilateral activation in patients with PVL than in patients with cortical-subcortical lesions. Conclusion: Different types of structural damage such as PVL and cortical-subcortical lesions show differences in fMRI examination.
Key words
Connatal hemiparesis - reorganization - motor cortex
- functional magnetic resonance imaging
Literatur
1 Volpe J J. Neurology of the Newborn. Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Neuropathology and Pathogenesis. Philadelphia; W.B. Saunders Comp 2000: 269-330
2
Bouza H, Dubowitz L M, Rutherford M. et al .
Prediction of outcome in children with congenital hemiplegia: a magnetic resonance imaging study.
Neuropediatrics.
1994;
25
60-66
3
Staudt M, Niemann G, Grodd W. et al .
The pyramidal tract in congenital hemiparesis: relationship between morphology and function in periventricular lesions.
Neuropediatrics.
2000;
31
257-264
4
Duque J, Thonnard J L, Vandermeeren Y. et al .
Correlation between impaired dexterity and corticospinal tract dysgenesis in congenital hemiplegia.
Brain.
2003;
126
732-747
5
Kuhtz-Buschbeck J P, Dreesmann M, Gölge M. et al .
Prenatal infarction of the left middle cerebral artery: A case report of excellent functional outcome.
NeuroRehabilitation.
2000;
15
167-173
6
Cao Y, Vikingstad E M, Huttenlocher P R. et al .
Functional magnetic resonance studies of the reorganization of the human hand sensorimotor area after unilateral brain injury in the perinatal period.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
1994;
91
9612-9616
7
Staudt M, Grodd W, Gerloff C. et al .
Two types of ipsilateral reoganization in congenital hemiparesis - a TMS and fMRI study.
Brain.
2002;
125
2222-2237
8
Staudt M, Krägeloh-Mann I, Holthausen H. et al .
Searching for motor functions in dysgenic cortex: a clinical TMS and fMRI study.
J Neurosurg.
2004;
101
69-77
9
Staudt M, Gerloff C, Grodd W. et al .
Reorganization in congenital hemiparesis acquired at different gestational ages.
Ann Neurol.
2004;
56
854-863
10 Bauder H, Taub H, Miltner W HR. Behandlung motorischer Störungen nach Schlaganfall; die Taubsche Bewegungsinduktionstherapie. Göttingen; Hogrefe Verlag für Psychologie 2001
11
Tiffin J, Asher E.
The Purdue Pegboard: Norms and studies of reliabilty and validity.
Journal of Applied Psychology.
1948;
32
234-247
12
Woods B T, Teuber H L.
Mirror movements after childhood hemiparesis.
Neurology.
1978;
28
1152-1157
13
Russell D J, Rosenbaum P L, Cadman D T. et al .
The gross motor function measure: a means to evaluate the effects of physical therapy.
Dev Med Child Neurol.
1989;
31
341-352
14
Koman L A, Mooney J F, Smith B P. et al .
Management of spasticity in cerebral palsy with botulinum-A toxin: report of a preliminary, randomized, double-blind trial.
J Pediatr Orthop.
1994;
14
299-303
15 Spreen O, Strauss E. A compendium of neuropsychological test. Oxford; University Press 1998
16
Yousry T A, Schmid U D, Alkadhi H. et al .
Localization of the motor hand area to a knob on the precentral gyrus. A new landmark.
Brain.
1997;
120
141-157
17 Volpe J J. Neurology of the Newborn. Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Clinical Aspects. Philadelphia; W.B. Saunders Comp 2000: 331-394
18
Maegaki Y, Maeoka Y, Ishii S. et al .
Central motor reorganization in cerebral palsy patients with bilateral cerebral lesions.
Pediatr Res.
1999;
45
559-567
19
Stippich C, Kress B, Ochmann H. et al .
Prächirurgische funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) bei Patienten mit rolandischen Hirntumoren: Indikation, Untersuchungsstrategie, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der klinischen Anwendung.
Fortschr Röntgenstr.
2003;
175
1042-1050
20
Krings T, Topper R, Willmes K. et al .
Activation in primary and secondary motor areas in patients with CNS neoplasms and weakness.
Neurology.
2002;
58
381-390
21
Muellbacher W, Artner C, Mamoli B.
The role of the intact hemisphere in recovery of midline muscles after recent monohemispheric stroke.
J Neurol.
1999;
246
250-256
22
Vandermeeren Y, De Volder A, Bastings E. et al .
Functional relevance of abnormal fMRI activation pattern after unilateral schizencephaly.
Neuroreport.
2002;
13
1821-1824
23
Jang S H, Byun W M, Chang Y. et al .
Combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation evidence of ipsilateral motor pathway with congenital brain disorder: a case report.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil.
2001;
82
1733-1736
24
Holloway V, Gadian D G, Vargha-Khadem F. et al .
The reorganization of sensorimotor function in children after hemispherectomy. A functional MRI and somatosensory evoked potential study.
Brain.
2000;
12
2432-2444
25
Eyre J A, Miller S, Clowry G J. et al .
Functional corticospinal projections are established prenatally in the human foetus permitting involvement in the development of spinal motor centres.
Brain.
2000;
123
51-64
26
Catalan M J, Honda M, Weeks R A. et al .
The functional neuroanatomy of simple and complex sequential finger movements: a PET study.
Brain.
1998;
121
253-264
27
Glenn O A, Henry R G, Berman J I. et al .
DTI-based three-dimensional tractography detects differences in the pyramidal tracts of infants and children with congenital hemiparesis.
J Magn Reson Imaging.
2003;
18
641-648
Friederike Möller
Schittenhelmstraße 10
24105 Kiel
Telefon: ++ 49/4 31/5 97 48 06
eMail: rieke_moeller@yahoo.de