Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Die Beurteilung der magnetischen Anziehungs- und Rotationskräfte verschiedener kieferorthopädischer Brackets an einem 3,0-Tesla-MRT-System. Material und Methoden: Es wurden 32 kieferorthopädische Brackets aus Stahllegierungen (n = 27), aus Kobalt-Chrom (n = 2), aus Keramik (n = 1), aus Keramik mit Stahleinsatz (n = 1) und aus Titan (n = 1) auf Interaktionen im statischen Magnetfeld an einem 3,0-Tesla-MRT-System untersucht. Die Bestimmung der auf die Implantate im statischen Magnetfeld wirkenden Translationskräfte Fz [mN] erfolgte mithilfe des Fadentests nach Richtlinien der American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) über die Bestimmung des Deflektionswinkels β [°]. Die Bestimmung der Rotationskräfte Frot erfolgte qualitativ anhand einer 5-Punkte-Graduierung (0 = keine Rotationskraft; + 4 = sehr starke Rotationskraft). Ergebnisse: Bei 18 der 32 getesteten Brackets war der Deflektionswinkel β > 45° und die Translationskraft Fz lag oberhalb der auf das jeweilige Bracket wirkenden Gravitationskraft FG (Fz : 1,2 - 45,7 mN). Die Translationskraft Fz betrug hierbei im Maximum das 68,5fache der auf das Objekt einwirkenden Gravitation (Verhältnis Fz /FG : 1,4 - 68,5). Hierzu konkordant war eine ausgeprägte Rotationskraft Frot bei diesen Objekten (Grad + 3/+ 4). Bei den übrigen 14 Objekten betrug der Deflektionswinkel β < 45° und die Rotationskräfte Frot schwankten zwischen 0 und + 2. Sowohl auf das Keramik- als auch das Titanbracket wirkten keine messbaren Translations- und Rotationskräfte. Schlussfolgerung: Die Mehrzahl der getesteten Brackets (18/32 = 56,25 %) muss nach den Richtkriterien der ASTM zur Translationskraft Fz als „nicht MRT-sicher” bei der Verwendung in einem 3T-MRT-System klassifiziert werden. Die gemessenen Translationskräfte sind jedoch deutlich geringer als typische Haftkräfte am Zahn fixierter Brackets. Die Auswirkungen dieser Ergebnisse auf MRT-Untersuchungen kieferorthopädischer Patienten bei 3 Tesla werden diskutiert.
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate static magnetic field interactions for 32 commonly used orthodontic brackets in a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Materials and Methods: 32 orthodontic brackets consisting of a steel alloy (n = 27), a cobalt-chromium alloy (n = 2), ceramic (n = 1), ceramic with a steel slot (n = 1), and titanium (n = 1) from 13 different manufacturers were tested for magnetic field interactions in a static magnetic field at 3.0 T (Gyroscan Intera 3.0 T, Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands). The magnetic deflection force Fz [mN] was evaluated by determining the deflection angle β [°] using the established deflection angle test according to the ASTM guidelines. The magnetic-field-induced rotational force Frot or torque was qualitatively determined using a 5-point grading scale (0: no torque; + 4: very strong torque). Results: In 18 of the 32 brackets, the deflection angle β was found to be > 45° and the translational force exceeded the gravitational force FG on the particular bracket (Fz : 1.2 - 45.7 mN). The translational force Fz was found to be up to 68.5 times greater than the gravitational force FG (Fz /FG : 1.4 - 68.5). The rotational force Frot was correspondingly high (+ 3/+ 4) for those brackets. For the remaining 14 objects, the deflection angles were < 45° and the torque measurements ranged from 0 to + 2. The static magnetic field did not affect the titanium bracket and the ceramic bracket. No measurable translational and rotational forces were found. Conclusion: Of the 32 brackets investigated for magnetic field interactions at 3.0 T, 18 (56.25 %) were unsafe in the MR environment according to the ASTM guidelines. However, the forces measured were minimal compared to the forces generally necessary for dislodging these bonded orthodontic brackets from tooth surfaces. The implications of these results for orthodontic patients undergoing MR examinations at 3 Tesla are discussed.
Key words
Orthodontic bracket - MR safety - implants - bioeffects - magnetic resonance imaging - magnetic resonance - high field
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Dr. Jörn Kemper
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