Zusammenfassung
Riechstörungen treten bei etwa 1 % der Bevölkerung auf und stellen eine erhebliche
Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität dar. Quantitative Störungen (Hyposmie, Anosmie)
werden von qualitativen (Parosmie, Phantosmie) unterschieden. Die Klassifikation von
Riechstörungen erfolgt anhand ihrer Ätiologie, ebenso wie die Therapie. Im hals-nasen-ohrenärztlichen
Patientengut sind Riechstörungen sinunasaler Ätiologie am häufigsten, gefolgt von
postviralen Riechstörungen. Als Therapiemaßnahmen stehen topische und systemische
Steroide zur Verfügung, wobei systemische besser zu wirken scheinen. Der Erfolg einer
operativen Therapie in Bezug auf die Verbesserung des Riechvermögens ist nicht eindeutig
vorhersagbar und in den meisten Fällen fraglich. Isolierte Schmeckstörungen sind deutlich
seltener und treten meist im Rahmen einer Begleiterkrankung oder als Nebenwirkung
eines Medikamentes auf. Die detaillierte Anamnese ist richtungsweisend, insbesondere
um eine wirksame Therapie einzusetzen. In Einzelfällen kann Zink therapeutisch von
Nutzen sein.
Schlüsselwörter
Riechstörungen - Schmeckstörungen - Ätiologie - Therapiemaßnahmen
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PD Dr. Antje Welge-Lüssen
Universitätsspital Basel, Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik
Petersgraben 4 · CH 4031 Basel · Schweiz
Email: awelge@uhbs.ch
