Übelkeit und Erbrechen nach Narkosen - Was ist gesichert in Prophylaxe und Therapie?

Literatur

• 1 Cohen M M, Duncan P G, Pope W D, Wolkenstein C. A survey of 112,000 anaesthetics at one teaching hospital (1975 - 83).  Can Anaesth Soc J. 1986;  33 22-31
• 2 Cohen M M, Duncan P G, De Boer D P, Tweed W A. The postoperative interview: assessing risk factors for nausea and vomiting.  Anesth Analg. 1994;  78 7-16
• 3 van Wijk M G, Smalhout B. A postoperative analysis of the patient's view of anaesthesia in a Netherlands’ teaching hospital.  Anaesthesia. 1990;  45 679-682
• 4 Macario A, Weinger M, Carney S, Kim A. Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are important to avoid? The perspective of patients.  Anesth Analg. 1999;  89 652-658
• 5 Apfel C C, Kranke P, Greim C A, Roewer N. What can be expected from risk scores for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting?.  Br J Anaesth. 2001;  86 822-827
• 6 Apfel C C, Kranke P, Eberhart L H, Roos A, Roewer N. Comparison of predictive models for postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Br J Anaesth. 2002;  88 234-240
• 7 Tramèr M R. A rational approach to the control of postoperative nausea and vomiting: evidence from systematic reviews. Part 1. Efficacy and harm of antiemetic interventions, and methodological issues.  Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;  45 4-13
• 8 Tramèr M R. A rational approach to the control of postoperative nausea and vomiting: evidence from systematic reviews. Part 2. Recommendations for prevention and treatment, and research agenda.  Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;  45 14-19
• 9 Eberhart L, Morin A, Geldner G, Wulf H. Minimierung von Übelkeit und Erbrechen in der postoperativen Phase.  Dtsch Ärztebl. 2003;  100 A 2584-A 2591
• 10 Kranke P, Morin A M, Roewer N, Wulf H, Eberhart L H. The efficacy and safety of transdermal scopolamine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review.  Anesth Analg. 2002;  95 133-143
• 11 Koivuranta M, Läärä E, Snåre L, Alahuhta S. A survey of postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Anaesthesia. 1997;  52 443-449
• 12 Apfel C C, Läärä E, Koivuranta M, Greim C A, Roewer N. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: Conclusions from cross-validations between two centers.  Anesthesiology. 1999;  91 693-700
• 13 Tarkkila P, Isola J. A regression model for identifying patients at high risk of hypotension, bradycardia and nausea during spinal anesthesia.  Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1992;  36 554-558
• 14 Sinclair D R, Chung F, Mezei G. Can postoperative nausea and vomiting be predicted?.  Anesthesiology. 1999;  91 109-118
• 15 Tramèr M R, Moore A, McQuay H. Propofol anaesthesia and postoperative nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled studies.  Br J Anaesth. 1997;  78 247-255
• 16 Sneyd J R, Carr A, Byrom W D, Bilski A J. A meta-analysis of nausea and vomiting following maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol or inhalational agents.  Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1998;  15 433-445
• 17 Apfel C C, Kranke P, Katz R L, Goepfert C, Papenfuss T, Rauch S, Heineck R, Greim C-A, Roewer N. Volatile anaesthetics may be the main cause of early postoperative vomiting: A randomised controlled trial of factorial design.  Br J Anaesth. 2002;  88 659-668
• 18 Hartung J. Twenty-four of twenty-seven studies show a greater incidence of emesis associated with nitrous oxide than with alternative anesthetics.  Anesth Analg. 1996;  83 114-116
• 19 Divatia J V, Vaidya J S, Badwe R A, Hawaldar R W. Omission of nitrous oxide during anesthesia reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A meta-analysis.  Anesthesiology. 1996;  85 1055-1062
• 20 Tramèr M R, Moore A, McQuay H. Omitting nitrous oxide in general anaesthesia: meta-analysis of intraoperative awareness and postoperative emesis in randomized controlled trials.  Br J Anaesth. 1996;  76 186-193
• 21 Tramèr M R, Fuchs-Buder T. Omitting antagonism of neuromuscular block: effect on postoperative nausea and vomiting and risk of residual paralysis. A systematic review.  Br J Anaesth. 1999;  82 379-386
• 22 Eberhart L H, Morin A M, Georgieff M. Dexamethason zur Prophylaxe von Übelkeit und Erbrechen in der postoperativen Phase - Eine Metaanalyse kontrollierter randomisierter Studien.  Anaesthesist. 2000;  49 713-720
• 23 Henzi I, Sonderegger J, Tramèr M R. Efficacy, dose-response, and adverse effects of droperidol for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Can J Anaesth. 2000;  47 537-551
• 24 Liu K, Hsu C C, Chia Y Y. The effect of dose of dexamethasone for antiemesis after major gynecological surgery.  Anesth Analg. 1999;  89 1316-1318
• 25 Wang J J, Ho S T, Lee S C, Liu Y C, Ho C M. The use of dexamethasone for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in females undergoing thyroidectomy: a dose-ranging study.  Anesth Analg. 2000;  91 1404-1407
• 26 Wang J J, Ho S T, Tzeng J I, Tang C S. The effect of timing of dexamethasone administration on its efficacy as a prophylactic antiemetic for postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Anesth Analg. 2000;  91 136-139
• 27 Kranke P, Morin A M, Roewer N, Eberhart L HJ. Dimenhydrinate for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.  Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2002;  46 238-244
• 28 Domino K B, Anderson E A, Polissar N L, Posner K L. Comparative efficacy and saftey of ondansetron, droperidol, and metoclopramide for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis.  Anesth Analg. 1999;  88 1370-1379
• 29 Eberhart L, Morin A M, Seeling W, Bothner U, Georgieff M. Metaanalyse kontrollierter randomisierter Studien zum Einsatz von Droperidol zur Prophylaxe von Übelkeit und Erbrechen in der postoperativen Phase.  Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 1999;  34 528-536
• 30 Eberhart L H, Morin A M, Bothner U, Georgieff M. Droperidol and 5-HT₃-receptor antagonists, alone or in combination, for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.  Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2000;  44 1252-1257
• 31 Barton M D, Libonati M, Cohen P J. The use of haloperidol for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting - a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.  Anesthesiology. 1975;  42 508-512
• 32 Dryberg V. Haloperidol (serenase) in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1962;  6 37-47
• 33 Loeser E A, Bennett G, Stanley T H, Machin R. Comparison of droperidol, haloperidol and prochlorperazine as postoperative anti-emetics.  Can Anaesth Soc J. 1979;  26 125-127
• 34 Tornetta F J. Double-blind evaluation of haloperidol for antiemetic activity.  Anesth Analg. 1972;  51 964-967
• 35 Büttner M, Walder B, von Elm E, Tramèr M R. Is low-dose haloperidol a useful antiemetic? Meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trials.  Anesthesiology. 2004;  101 1454-1463
• 36 Eberhart L H, Mauch M, Morin A M, Wulf H, Geldner G. Impact of a multimodal anti-emetic prophylaxis on patient satisfaction in high-risk patients for postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Anaesthesia. 2002;  57 1022-1027
• 37 Tramèr M R, Reynolds D J, Moore R A, McQuay H J. Efficacy, dose-response, and safety of ondansetron in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials.  Anesthesiology. 1997;  87 1277-1289
• 38 Figueredo E, Canosa L. Prophylactic ondansetron for postoperative emesis. Meta-analysis of its effectiveness in patients with previous history of postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1999;  43 637-644
• 39 Kranke P, Eberhart L H, Apfel C C, Broscheit J, Geldner G, Roewer N. Tropisetron zur Prophylaxe von Übelkeit und Erbrechen in der postoperativen Phase. Eine quantitative systematische Übersicht.  Anaesthesist. 2002;  51 805-814
• 40 Kranke P, Apfel C C, Eberhart L H, Georgieff M, Roewer N. The influence of a dominating centre on a quantitative systematic review of granisetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;  45 659-670
• 41 Kranke P, Eberhart L HJ, Morin A M, Roewer N. Dolasetron zur Prophylaxe von Übelkeit und Erbrechen nach Narkosen - Eine Metaanalyse kontrollierter randomisierter Studien.  Anaesthesiol Intensivmed. 2002;  43 413-427
• 42 Sun R, Klein K W, White P F. The effect of timing of ondansetron administration in outpatients undergoing otolaryngologic surgery.  Anesth Analg. 1997;  84 331-336
• 43 Apfel C C, Korttila K, Abdalla M, Kerger H, Turan A, Vedder I, Zermak C, Danner K, Jokela R, Pocock S J, Trenkler S, Kredel M, Biedler A, Sessler D I, Roewer N. A factorial trial of six interventions for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.  New Engl J Med. 2004;  350 2441-2451
• 44 Tramèr M R, Moore R A, Reynolds D J, McQuay H J. A quantitative systematic review of ondansetron in treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting.  BMJ. 1997;  314 1088-1092
• 45 Kazemi-Kjellberg F, Henzi I, Tramèr M R. Treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review.  BMC Anesthesiology. 2001;  1 2
• 46 Stienstra R, Samhan Y M, El Mofty M, de Bont L EA, Bovill J G. Double-blind comparison of alizapride, droperidol and ondansetron in the treatment of postoperative nausea.  Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1997;  14 290-294
• 47 Gan T J, El Molem H, Ray J, Glass P S. Patient-controlled antiemesis: a randomized, double-blind comparison of two doses of propofol versus placebo.  Anesthesiology. 1999;  90 1564-1570
• 48 Harper I, Della M E, Owen H, Plummer J, Ilsley A. Lack of efficacy of propofol in the treatment of early postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Anaesth Intensive Care. 1998;  26 366-370
• 49 Zestos M M, Carr A S, McAuliffe G, Smith H S, Sikich N, Lerman T. Subhypnotic propofol does not treat postoperative vomiting in children after adenotonsillectomy.  Can J Anaesth. 1997;  44 401-404
• 50 Diemunsch P, Schoeffler P, Bryssine B, Cheli-Muller L E, Lees J, McQuade B A, Spraggs C F. Antiemetic activity of the NK1 receptor antagonist GR205171 in the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery.  Br J Anaesth. 1999;  82 274-276
• 51 Di Florio T, Goucke C R. The effect of midazolam on persistent postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Anaesth Intensive Care. 1999;  27 38-40
• 52 van Leeuwen L, Helmers J H. The efficacy of Domperidone (R 33 812) in the treatment of postoperative vomiting. A double-blind study with a placebo.  Anaesthesist. 1980;  29 490-493
• 53 Polati E, Verlato G, Finco G, Mosaner W, Grosso S, Gottin L, Pinaroli A M, Ischia S. Ondansetron versus metoclopramide in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Anesth Analg. 1997;  85 395-399
• 54 Ummenhofer W, Frei F J, Urwyler A, Kern C, Drewe J. Effects of ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children.  Anesthesiology. 1994;  81 804-810
• 55 Lacroix G, Lessard M R, Trépanier C A. Treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting: comparison of propofol, droperidol and metoclopramide.  Can J Anaesth. 1996;  43 115-120
• 56 Fujii Y, Tanaka H, Somekawa Y. Granisetron, droperidol, and metoclopramide for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing gynecologic surgery.  Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;  182 13-16
• 57 Fujii Y, Tanaka H, Kawasaki T. Randomized clinical trial of granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for the treatment of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.  Br J Surg. 2000;  87 285-288
• 58 Heim C, Münzer T, Listyo R. Ondansetron versus Droperidol. Postoperativer therapeutischer Einsatz bei Nausea und Erbrechen. Vergleich von Wirkung, Nebenwirkungen und Akzeptanz bei gynäkologischen, stationären Patientinnen.  Anaesthesist. 1994;  43 504-509
• 59 Gan T J, Meyer T, Apfel C C, Chung F, Davis P J, Eubanks S, Kovac A, Philip B K, Sessler D I, Temo J, Tramèr M R, Watcha M. Consensus guidelines for managing postoperative nausea and vomiting.  Anesth Analg. 2003;  97 62-71

1 Die NNT spiegelt die Anzahl von Patienten wider, die mit einem Antiemetikum (oder der antiemetischen Maßnahme) behandelt werden müssen, damit einer von ihnen keine Symptome (z. B. PÜ, PE oder PÜ & E) mehr aufweist, der ohne die Gabe des Antiemetikums (oder der antiemetischen Maßnahme) darunter gelitten hätte.

2 Näheres:http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/2001/ANS01123.html