Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865100
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Vergleich verschiedener Stuhltests zur Detektion von Neoplasien des Kolon
Comparison of different stool tests for the detection of cancer of the colonPublication History
eingereicht: 30.7.2004
akzeptiert: 3.2.2005
Publication Date:
30 March 2005 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die Koloskopie ist der Goldstandard in der Diagnostik von neoplastischen Kolonerkrankungen. Wegen der geringen Akzeptanz, der erforderlichen Darmreinigung und des (wenn auch geringen) Risikos von Perforation oder Blutung sind alternative Verfahren - vor allem Stuhluntersuchungen - in den Blickpunkt gerückt.
Patienten und Methodik: Bei 116 Patienten (44 männlich, 72 weiblich, Durchschnittsalter 47 Jahre), die sich zur Koloskopie vorstellten und von 22 Patienten (17 m., 5 w., Durchschnitt 69 J.) mit bekanntem kolorektalen Karzinom wurde eine Stuhlprobe gewonnen. Diese wurden mit einem biochemischen (Guajak) und einem immunologischen Test zum Nachweis okkulten Blutes im Stuhl und einem Test zum Nachweis der dimeren Form der Pyruvatkinase M2 (M2-PK) untersucht.
Ergebnisse: Die Sensitivität bezüglich der Detektion eines kolorektalen Karzinoms bzw. eines Polypen betrug 27 % bzw. 10 % für den biochemischen Test, 91 % bzw. 19 % für den immunologischen Test und 77 % bzw. 48 % für den M2-PK-Test bei einer Spezifität von 89 %, 94 % und 72 %.
Folgerungen: Die beiden Verfahren zum Nachweis okkulten Blutes zeigten eine vergleichbare Spezifität. Die Sensitivität des immunologischen Verfahrens zur Detektion von kolorektalen Karzinomen ist signifikant höher als die des biochemischen Verfahrens. Der M2-PK-Test hat eine im Vergleich zum immunologischen Verfahren deutlich niedrigere Spezifität bei der Karzinomdiagnostik. Aufgrund der geringen Sensitivität für Polypen ist der Nutzen der Stuhluntersuchungen fraglich. Der Stellenwert der Stuhluntersuchungen sollte entsprechend dargestellt werden, mit dem Ziel, die Motivation zu einer Koloskopie zu verbessern.
Summary
Background and objective: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of colonic neoplasia. Because of the low compliance, the discomfort of bowel preparation and the procedure itself and the (albeit small) risk of perforation or bleeding alternative procedures such as stool tests are being focused on.
Patients and methods: After informed consent stool samples of 116 patients (44male, 72 female, median age 47 years), scheduled for colonoscopy and 22 patients (17 m, 5 f, 69 y) with known colorectal cancer stool samples were collected. The samples were investigated by three methods: a biochemical (Guajak) test for fecal occult blood, an immunological test for fecal occult blood and a test determining the dimer pyruvat kinase M2 (tumor M2-PK).
Results: Sensitivity for detection of colorectal cancer or polyps was 27 % and 10 % for the biochemical test, 91 % and 19 % for the immunological test and 77 % and 48 % for the M2-PK-test, respectively. Specifity was 89 %, 94 % and 72 %, respectively.
Conclusions: Both methods for detection of occult blood had a similar specifity. The sensitivity of the immunological test for the detection of colorectal cancer was significantly higher. The M2-PK-test had a markedly lower specifity in diagnosing cancer. Because of the low sensitivity for polyps the usefulness of stool tests is questionable. Reducing incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer should be achieved by colonoscopy, a recommendation that requires specific communication to the public.
Literatur:
- 1
Allison J E, Tekawa I S, Ransom L J, Adrian A L.
A comparison of fecal-occult blood tests for colorectal-cancer screening.
N Engl J Med.
1996;
336
155-159
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 2 Australian Health Technology Advisory Committee .Colorectal cancer screening. Cat. No. 9801293 Australian Government Printing Service 1997
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 3
Dvorák M, Kocna P, Vanicková Z.
Occult fecal blood loss-comparison of immunochemical and biochemical tests.
Cas Lék Cesk.
2002;
141
217-219
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 4
Greenberg P D, Bertario L, Gnauck R. et al .
A prospective multi-center evaluation of new fecal occult blood tests in patients
undergoing colonoscopy.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2000;
95
1331-1338
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 5
Hardcastle J D, Chamberlain J O, Robinson M HE. et al .
Randomised controlled trial of faecal-occult-blood screening for colorectal cancer.
Lancet.
1996;
348
1472-1427
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 6
Hardt P D, Toepler M, Ngoumou B, Rupp J, Kloer H U.
Measurement of fecal pyruvate kinase Type M2 (Tumor M2-PK) concentrations in patients
with gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, colorectal adenomas and controls.
Anticancer Res.
2003;
23
851-854
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 7
Hardt P D, Toepler M, Ngoumou B, Rupp J, Kloer H U.
Fecal pyruvate kinase concentrations (ELISA based on a combination of clone 1 and
clone 3 antibodies) for gastric cancer screening.
Anticancer Res.
2003;
23
855-858
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 8 Hardt P D, Toepler M, Schlierbach P. et al .Messung der Tumor M2-Pyruvatkinase als Screening Marker für kolorektale Karzinome. 109. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin, Wiesbaden 2003, Poster 2003
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 9
Hardt P D, Mazurek S, Toepler M. et al .
Faecal tumor M2 pyruvate kinase: a new, sensitive screening tool for colorectal cancer.
B J Cancer.
2004;
, advance online publication
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 10
Jorgensen O D, Kronborg O, Fenger C.
A randomized study of screening for colorectal cancer using faecal occult blood testing:
results after 13 years and seven biennial screening rounds.
Gut.
2002;
50
29-32
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 11
Kronborg O, Fenger C, Olsen J. et al .
Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test.
Lancet.
1996;
348
1467-1471
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 12
Ko C W, Dominitz J A, Nguyen T D.
Fecal occult blood testing in a general medical clinic: Comparison between Guaiac-based
and immunochemical-based tests.
Am J Med.
2003;
115
111-114
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 13
Levin B, Hess K, Johnson C.
Screening for colorectal cancer: A comparison of 3 fecal occult blood tests.
Arch Intern Med.
1997;
157
970-976
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 14
Levin B, Brooks D, Smith R A, Stone A.
Emerging technologies in screening for colorectal cancer: CT colonography, immunochemical
fecal occult blood tests, and stool screening using molecular markers.
CA Cancer J Clin.
2003;
53
44-55
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 15
Lieberman D A, Weiss D G.
One-Time screening for colorectal cancer with combined fecal occult-blood testing
and examination of the distal colon.
New Engl J Med.
2001;
345
555-559
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 16
Mandel J S, Bond J H, Church T R. et al .
Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood.
N Engl J Med.
1993;
328
1365-1371
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 17
Mandel J S, Church T S, Ederer F, Bond J H.
Colorectal cancer mortality: effectiveness of biennial screening for fecal occult
blood.
J Natl Cancer Inst.
1999;
91
434-437
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 18
Mandel J S, Church T S, Bond J H. et al .
The effect of fecal occult-blood screening on the incidence of colorectal cancer.
N Engl J Med.
2000;
343
1603-1607
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 19
Nakama H, Zhang B, Kamijo N.
Sensitivity of immunochemical fecal occult blood test for colorectal flat adenomas.
Hepatogastroenterology.
2004;
51
1333-1336
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 20
Naumann M, Schaum B, Oremek G M, Hanisch E, Rösch W, Mössner J, Caspary W F, Stein J.
Pyruvatkinase Typ M2 (M2-PK) im Stuhl - Ein valider Screeningparameter für kolorektale
Neoplasien?.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr.
2004;
129
1806-1807
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 21 Ontario Expert Panel on Colorectal Cancer Screening .Colorectal cancer in Ontario 1971 - 1996. Toronto: Cancer Care 1999
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 22
Petrelli N, Michalek A M, Freedman A. et al .
Immunochemical versus guaiac occult blood stool test: Result of a community based
screening program.
Surg Oncol.
1994;
3
27-36
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 23
Scholefield J H, Moss S, Sufi F, Mangham C M, Hardcastle J D.
Effect of faecal occult blood screening on mortality from colorectal cancer: results
from a randomised controlled trial.
Gut.
2002;
50
840-844
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 24
Smith R A, von Eschenbach A, Wender R. et al .
American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer.
CA Cancer J Clin.
2001;
51
38-75
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 25
The European Group for Colorectal Cancer Screening .
Recommendations to include colorectal cancer screening in public health policy.
J Med Screen.
1999;
6
80-81
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 26
Towler B, Irwing L, Glasziou P, Kewenter J, Weller D, Silagy C.
A systematic review of the effects of screening for colorectal cancer using the faecal
occult blood test, hemoccult.
BMJ.
1998;
317
559-565
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 27
Trojan J, Povse N, Schröder O, Stein J.
A new immunological test strip device for the rapid, qualitative detection of faecal
occult blood.
Z Gastroenterol.
2002;
40
921-924
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 28
U.S. Preventive services task force .
Screening for colorectal cancer: Recommendations and rationale.
Ann Int Med.
2002;
137
129-131
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 29
Winawer S J, Flehinger B J, Schottenfeld D, Miller D G.
Screening for colorectal cancer with fecal occult blood testing and sigmoidoscopy.
J Natl Cancer Inst.
1993;
85
1311-1318
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 30
Winawer S J, Zauber A G, Ho M N. et al .
Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy.
N Engl J Med.
1993;
329
1977-1981
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 31
Winawer S J, Fletcher R H, Miller L. et al .
Colorectal cancer screening: Clinical guidelines and rationale.
Gastroenterology.
1997;
112
594-642
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 32
Winawer S J, St John D JB, Bond J H. et al .
Prevention of colorectal cancer: Guidelines based on new data.
Bull WHO.
1995;
73
7-10
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 33
Young G P, St John D JB, Winawer S J. et al .
Choice of fecal occult blood tests for colorectal cancer screening: Recommendations
based on performance characteristics in population studies.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2002;
97
2499-2507
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
Prof. Dr. med. G. Möslein
Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
Moorenstraße 5
40225 Düsseldorf
Phone: 0049/211/8116397
Fax: 0049/211/819984
Email: Moeslein@uni-duesseldorf.de