A series of 1,4-dihydropyridines were synthesized in an environmentally benign method, by reacting aldehydes with acetoacetate esters or acetylacetone and ammonium acetate in refluxing water. The thus formed 1,4-dihydropyridines was subsequently oxidized in one-pot to the corresponding pyridine derivatives by either ferric chloride or potassium permanganate.
1,4-dihydropyridines - pyridines - aromatization - aqueous-phase synthesis
