Abstract
A methoxypyrrole amino acid (MOPAS) resembling the structure of H2N-Val-Δ-Ala-OEt in β-sheet conformation has been prepared by a chiral auxiliary approach. The X-ray structure analysis confirms the absolute configuration of the dipeptide mimic. Standard peptide coupling procedures allow coupling of the chiral MOPAS with natural amino acids or their extension by additional MOPAS units. A tight self-association of bis-MOPAS 13 in CDCl3 and the affinity to Ac-Ala-Ile-OMe dipeptides illustrates the ability of the constrained dipeptide mimic MOPAS to interact with peptides.
Key words
heterocycles - amino acids - peptides - chiral auxiliaries - imines
References
For reviews on peptide structure mimics see:
1a
Stigers KD.
Soth MJ.
Nowick JS.
Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol.
1999,
3:
714
1b
Schneider JP.
Kelly JW.
Chem. Rev.
1995,
95:
2169
1c
Moriuchi T.
Hirao T.
Chem. Soc. Rev.
2004,
33:
294
Reviews on β-sheet models:
1d
Gellman SH.
Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol.
1998,
2:
717
1e
Nowick JS.
Acc. Chem. Res.
1999,
32:
287
1f
Nowick JS.
Smith EM.
Pairish M.
Chem. Soc. Rev.
1996,
25:
401
1g
Gallmeier H.-C.
König B.
Eur. J. Org. Chem.
2003,
3473
2 Kahn M, Qabar MN, McMillan MK, Ogbu CO, Eguchi M, Kim H, Boatman PD, and Urban J. inventors; WO 9805333.
3a
Maitra S.
Nowick JS. In The Amide Linkage: Structural Significance in Chemistry Biochemistry and Materials Science
Greenberg A.
Breneman CM.
Liebman JF.
Wiley;
New York:
2000.
Chap. 15.
3b For binding of inhibitors to neuronal nitric oxide synthase see: Liang J.
Jaffrey SR.
Guo W.
Snyder SH.
Clardy J.
Nature Struct. Biol.
1999,
6:
735
3c For binding of Ras oncoproteins to Raf kinase see: Nassar N.
Horn G.
Herrmann C.
Scherrer A.
McCormick F.
Wittinghofer A.
Nature (London)
1995,
375:
554
3d For homodimerization of HIV-1 protease see: Zutshi R.
Franciskovich J.
Shultz M.
Schweitzer B.
Bishop P.
Wilson M.
Chmielewski J.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1997,
119:
4841
3e For prion proteins see: Prusiner SB.
Prions Prions Prions, In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
Vol. 207:
Springer;
Berlin:
1996.
3f
Mestel R.
Science (Washington, D. C.)
1996,
273:
184
3g
Kuroda Y.
Maeda Y.
Nakagawa T.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2000,
122:
12596
4a
Nowick JS.
Chung DM.
Maitra K.
Maitra S.
Stigers KD.
Sun Y.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2000,
122:
7654
4b
Boumendjel A.
Roberts JC.
Hu E.
Pallai PV.
J. Org. Chem.
1996,
61:
4434
4c
Michne WF.
Schroeder JD.
Int. J. Pept. Protein Res.
1996,
47:
2
4d
Roberts JC.
Pallai PV.
Rebek J.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1995,
36:
691
4e
Rzepecki P.
Gallmeier H.-C.
Geib N.
Cernovska K.
König B.
Schrader T.
J. Org. Chem.
2004,
69:
5168
4f
Černovská K.
Kemter M.
Gallmeier H.-C.
Rzepecki P.
Schrader T.
König B.
Org. Biomol. Chem.
2004,
2:
1603
5a
Rzepecki P.
Wehner M.
Molt O.
Zadmard R.
Harms K.
Schrader T.
Synthesis
2003,
1815
5b
Kemp DS.
Bowen BR.
Muendel CC.
J. Org. Chem.
1990,
55:
4650
5c
Kemp DS.
Trends Biotechnol.
1990,
8:
249
5d
Kemp D.
Bowen BR.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1988,
29:
5077
The work on β-sheet recognition and peptidomimetics has been extensively reviewed:
6a
Glenn MP.
Fairlie DP.
Mini Rev. Med. Chem.
2002,
2:
433
6b
Peczuh MW.
Hamilton AD.
Chem. Rev.
2000,
100:
2479
7a
Bonauer C.
Zabel M.
König B.
Org. Lett.
2004,
6:
1349
7b Recent related work: Chakraborty TK.
Mohan BK.
Kumar SK.
Kunwar AC.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2003,
44:
471
7c
Rao MHVR.
Kumar SK.
Kunwar AC.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2003,
44:
7369
7d
Nowick JS.
Lam KS.
Khasanova TV.
Kemnitzer WE.
Maitra S.
Mee HT.
Liu R.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2002,
124:
4972
7e
Nowick JS.
Cary JM.
Tsai JH.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2001,
123:
5176
7f
Nowick JS.
Chung DM.
Maitra K.
Maitra S.
Stigers KD.
Sun Y.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2001,
123:
1545
7g
Nowick JS.
Chung DM.
Maitra K.
Maitra S.
Stigers KD.
Sun Y.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2000,
122:
7654
8a For a recent review on non-natural amino acids see: Chakraborty TK.
Srinivasu P.
Tapadar S.
Mohan BK.
J. Chem. Sci.
2004,
116:
187
8b For examples of other non-natural heterocyclic amino acids see: König B.
Rödel M.
Chem. Commun.
1998,
605
8c
König B.
Rödel M.
Synth. Commun.
1998,
29:
943
8d
Miltschitzky S.
König B.
Synth. Commun.
2004,
34:
2077
For previous reports on chiral dipeptide mimetics see:
9a
Lombart H.-G.
Lubell WD.
J. Org. Chem.
1996,
61:
9437
9b
Burkholder TP.
Huber EW.
Flynn GA.
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
1993,
3:
231
9c
Zabrocki J.
Dunbar JB.
Marshall KW.
Toth MV.
Marshall GR.
J. Org. Chem.
1992,
57:
202
9d
Nishi T.
Kataoka M.
Morisawa Y.
Chem. Lett.
1989,
11:
1993
9e
Belvisi L.
Colombo L.
Manzoni L.
Potenza D.
Scolastico C.
Synlett
2004,
1449
9f
Dondoni A.
Marra A.
Richichi B.
Synlett
2003,
2345
9g
Dietrich E.
Lubell WD.
J. Org. Chem.
2003,
68:
6988
9h
Zhang J.
Xiong C.
Ying J.
Wang W.
Hruby VJ.
Org. Lett.
2003,
5:
3115
9i
Millet R.
Domarkas J.
Rombaux P.
Rigo B.
Houssin R.
Henichart J.-P.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2002,
43:
5087
9j
Dragovich PS.
Zhou R.
Prins TJ.
J. Org. Chem.
2002,
67:
741
9k
Wang W.
Xiong C.
Hruby VJ.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2001,
42:
3159
9l
Feng Z.
Lubell WD.
J. Org. Chem.
2001,
66:
1181
9m
Polyak F.
Lubell WD.
J. Org. Chem.
2001,
66:
1171
9n
Angiolini M.
Araneo S.
Belvisi L.
Cesarotti E.
Checchia A.
Crippa L.
Manzoni L.
Scolastico C.
Eur. J. Org. Chem.
2000,
2571
9o
Gosselin F.
Lubell WD.
J. Org. Chem.
2000,
65:
2163
9p
Hanessian S.
Mcnaughton-Smith G.
Lombart H.-G.
Lubell WD.
Tetrahedron
1997,
53:
12789
10
Honore T.
Hjeds H.
Krogsgaard-Larsen P.
Christiansen TR.
Eur. J. Med. Chem.
1978,
13:
429
11 A derivative of 1 bearing a methyl group in position 2 may cyclize more easily. However, our attempts to transform this compound into the Schiff base corresponding to compound 2 were not successful.
For reviews on the addition of organometallic reagents to chiral imines see:
12a
Bloch R.
Chem. Rev.
1998,
98:
1407
12b
Enders D.
Reinhold U.
Tetrahedron: Asymmetry
1997,
8:
1895
13a
Knochel P.
Almena Perea JJ.
Jones P.
Tetrahedron
1998,
54:
8275
13b
Knochel P.
Chou T.-S.
Jubert C.
Rajagopal D.
J. Org. Chem.
1993,
58:
588
14 For a recent example of the method used on solid support see: Wu G.
Cai Z.-W.
Bednarz MS.
Kocy OR.
Gavai AV.
Godfrey JD.
Washburn WN.
Poss MA.
Sher PM.
J. Comb. Chem.
2005,
7:
99
15 The self-association of 10 is one order of magnitude higher if compared to a Boc-(MOPAS)2-OEt missing the isopropyl substituent; see ref. 7a for data.
16 For DNA binding properties of pyrrole amino acids see: Chakraborty TK.
Mohan BK.
Gnanamani M.
Maiti S.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2005,
46:
647
17 The self-association of 10 and the dipeptides were included in the binding model.