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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-870504
Das Styloidsyndrom und seine Behandlung
Styloid Syndrome and its TreatmentPublication History
Eingegangen: 29. April 2005
Angenommen: 25. Juli 2005
Publication Date:
12 October 2005 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Ein verlängerter Styloidfortsatz oder eine Verkalkung des Ligamentum stylohyoideum können als Styloidsyndrom eine mögliche Ursache für zervikale Schmerzen, Globusgefühl und Schluckprobleme sein. Die Behandlung des differenzialdiagnostisch bei zervikalen Schmerzen wichtigen Styloidsyndroms ist facettenreich.
Patienten und Methode: Retrospektiv wurden die Daten von 11 Patienten ausgewertet, die wegen eines Styloidsyndroms behandelt worden waren. Die Patienten wurden einem Stufenkonzept zugeführt, welches sich aus einer konservativen, und bei ausbleibendem Erfolg einer chirurgischen Therapie zusammensetzte. Das chirurgische Vorgehen beinhaltete eine Styloidfrakturierung und/oder eine Styloidresektion.
Ergebnisse: Drei der elf Patienten waren nach der medikamentösen Behandlung beschwerdefrei und benötigten keine weitere Therapie. Zwei von fünf Patienten, bei denen eine Styloidfrakturierung von transoral her komplikationslos vorgenommen worden war, bedurften keiner weiteren Therapie. Bei sechs Patienten wurde eine transorale (N = 5) oder transzervikale (N = 1) Styloidresektion ausgeführt, die bei vier Patienten eine Beschwerdefreiheit ohne postoperative Funktionseinschränkung erreichte. Zwei Patienten, bei denen eine transorale Styloidresektion vorgenommen wurde, erlitten einen Infarkt im Stromgebiet der A. cerebri media.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Durchführung eines therapeutischen Stufenkonzepts, bestehend aus medikamentöser Behandlung, Styloidfrakturierung und Styloidresektion, hat sich bewährt. Lässt sich das Styloid submukös gut tasten, kann die Resektion des Styloids von transoral erfolgen, wobei das Risikopotenzial dieses Zugangs mit möglicher Verletzung der A. carotis interna beachtet werden muss.
Abstract
Background: An elongation of the styloid process or an ossification of the stylohyoid ligament can be the cause for a styloid syndrome and may lead to craniocervical pain, globus sensation and dysphagia. Pathophysiologically, the styloid syndrome is related to an irritation of the surrounding nerves, the carotid artery or the pharyngeal mucosa. There are various alternatives for its treatment.
Patients and methods: This study analyzed retrospectively the data of eleven patients, who were treated for a styloid syndrome. All patients were placed on a stepwise therapy plan, which began with a medicamentous treatment, followed by a surgical treatment, if the problems persisted. The surgical approach included a transoral styloid fracture and/ or a surgical styloid shortening, which was carried out either transorally or transcervically.
Results: Three of the eleven patients presented no complaints after the medical treatment and did not require any further therapy. In two out of five patients, transoral fracturing of the styloid was successful. Six patients underwent surgical resection of the styloid process. In five cases a transoral route was used and in one cases a transcervical route. Postoperatively, four patients were free of symptoms and did not present any functional deficit. Two patients experienced severe complications with an ipsilateral medial cerebral artery infarction. These were related to a dissection of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in one case, and an arrosion bleeding of the ICA after the formation of an abscess of the parapharyngeal space in the other case.
Conclusion: A stepwise therapy of the styloid syndrome including medicamentous treatment, transoral styloid fracture and resection of the styloid process has proven to be of value. If the styloid process can be palpated submucosally, a transoral resection may be chosen. However, using this route, the possibility of severe complications has to be taken into consideration, such as injury of the internal carotid artery.
Schlüsselworte
Styloidsyndrom - Eagle's Syndrom - Processus Styloideus - Dysphagie - Globusgefühl - Neuralgie
Key words
Styloid syndrome - Eagle's syndrome - styloid process - dysphagia - globus sensation - referred otalgia - neuralgia
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Dr. med. Mark Weidenbecher
Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik, Kopf- und Halschirurgie
Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg · Waldstraße 1 · 91054 Erlangen
Email: mark.weidenbecher@web.de