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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-870516
Heparininduzierte Thrombozytopenie in der Intensivmedizin
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
29. November 2005 (online)
Kernaussagen
Die heparininduzierte Thrombozytopenie ist eine schwerwiegende Komplikation der Behandlung mit Heparin. Die Inzidenz der HIT bei Intensivpatienten liegt wahrscheinlich deutlich unter 1 %. Durch die konsequente Gabe von NMH (wo möglich) statt UFH kann die Inzidenz der HIT stark reduziert werden.
Bei Patienten, die mit akuten lebensbedrohlichen thromboembolischen Komplikationen während oder kurz nach Heparinexposition auf der Intensivstation aufgenommen werden, sollte vor Weiterführung der Heparingabe die Thrombozytenzahl überprüft und mit den Verlaufswerten der Vortage verglichen werden, um eine HIT zu erkennen. Bei anderen Intensivpatienten sind neue thromboembolische Komplikationen wie rezidivierende Katheterverschlüsse, Filterverschlüsse wahrscheinlich ein besserer Indikator als ein Thombozytenabfall.
Ein Scoring-System kann für die klinische Diagnose hilfreich sein. Eine HIT sollte im Labor durch den Nachweis der Antikörper gesichert werden. Für die Bewertung der klinischen Relevanz dieser Antikörper ist die Kombination eines funktionellen Tests (z. B. HIPA) mit einem Antigentest (z. B. PF4/Heparin-ELISA) am geeignetsten.
Im Falle einer HIT stehen alternative Antikoagulanzien zur Verfügung (Danaparoid, Lepirudin, Argatroban), deren Auswahl von den Begleiterkrankungen sowie der Erfahrung des Arztes im Umgang mit diesen Medikamenten abhängig gemacht werden sollte.
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Dr. med. Kathleen Selleng
Abt. Transfusionsmedizin · Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin · Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
Sauerbruchstraße · 17497 Greifswald
Telefon: 03834 865469
Fax: 03834 865489
eMail: selleng@uni-greifswald.de