Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Für die Behandlung von Pankreas-Pseudozysten ist die endoskopische Drainage ein weit angewendetes Behandlungsverfahren und eine echte Alternative zu traditionellen Drainagetechniken. Die vorliegende retrospektive Studie bewertet die Kurz- und Langzeitresultate dieser Technik mit dem Ziel, technische Modifikationen zu identifizieren, die die Sicherheit und Effektivität der Methode steigern. Patienten und Methode: Alle Patienten, bei denen in unserem Krankenhaus zwischen 1983 und 2000 eine endoskopische Drainage von Pankreas-Pseudozysten erfolgte, wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Patientendaten wurden analysiert, Langzeit-Follow-up-Daten wurden durch schriftliche Fragebogen gewonnen, die den Patienten am Ende der Follow-up-Periode im November 2002 zugesandt worden waren. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden 92 Patienten eingeschlossen (66 Männer, 26 Frauen; mittleres Alter 49 Jahre). Die technische Erfolgsrate der Drainage betrug 97 %, die Mortalitätsrate 1 %. Komplikationen traten bei 31 Patienten (34 %) auf, davon waren 9 % so schwerwiegend, dass sie eine Operation erforderten. Blutungen, die bei 4 Patienten (3 %) beobachtet wurden, waren durch die Verletzung der Zystenwand mit geraden Endoprothesen verursacht worden. Sekundärinfektionen traten bei 3 Patienten, Perforationen bei einem Patienten auf. Während einer mittleren Follow-up-Periode von 43 Monaten wurden bei 10 Patienten (11 %) zusätzliche (nicht endoskopische) Behandlungen wegen persistierender Zysten und wegen eines Zysten-Rezidivs bei 5 Patienten (5 %) durchgeführt. Insgesamt war die endoskopische Drainage bei 65 Patienten (71 %) erfolgreich. Schlussfolgerung: Die endoskopische Drainage ist ein effektives Behandlungsverfahren für Pankreas-Pseudozysten. In etwa Ÿ der Fälle wird eine definitive Beseitigung erreicht. Die Mehrzahl der schwerwiegenden Komplikationen können durch den Einsatz von Pigtail-Stents anstelle von geraden Stents und durch ein aggressiveres Vorgehen zur Prophylaxe und in der Behandlung von sekundären Zysteninfektionen vermieden werden.
Abstract
Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic drainage is a widely used treatment modality for pancreatic pseudocysts and has challenged more traditional drainage techniques. This retrospective study evaluates the short-term and long-term results with this technique and aims to identify procedural modifications that may improve its safety and efficacy. Patients and Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts in our hospital between 1983 and 2000 were included in the study. The patients' charts were reviewed, and long-term follow-up data were obtained by written questionnaires sent to the patients at the end of the follow-up period in November 2002. Results: A total of 92 patients were included (66 men, 26 women; median age 49 years). The technical success rate of the drainage procedure was 97 % and the mortality rate was 1 %. Complications occurred in 31 patients (34 %), eight of which (9 %) were major and required surgery: hemorrhage in four cases (three of which were caused by erosion of a straight endoprosthesis through the cyst wall), secondary infection in three, and perforation in one. During a median follow-up period of 43 months, 10 patients (11 %) underwent additional (nonendoscopic) treatment for a persistent cyst and five (5 %) for a recurrent cyst. Overall, endoscopic drainage was successful in 65 patients (71 %). Conclusions: Endoscopic drainage is an effective treatment for pancreatic pseudocysts and offers a definitive solution in almost three-quarters of the cases. The majority of major complications might have been prevented by using pigtail stents instead of straight stents and by taking a more aggressive approach to the prevention and treatment of secondary cyst infection.
Schlüsselwörter
Pankreas-Pseudozysten - endoskopische Drainage
Key words
pancreatic pseudocysts - endoscopic drainage
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1 Deutsche Übersetzung der Originalübersicht (Endoscopy 2005; 37: 977-983) von H.-J. Schulz
Prof. Dr. H.-J. Schulz
Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg · Oskar-Ziethen-Krankenhaus · Klinik für Innere Medizin I
Fanningerstraße 32
10365 Berlin
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