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Aktuelle Dermatologie 2006; 32(3): 78-85
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-921156
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Entwicklung von spezifischen Immuntherapien in der Dermato-Onkologie

Development of Specific Immunotherapy for Skin TumorsS.  Eichmüller1
  • 1Klinische Kooperationseinheit für Dermato-Onkologie der Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg und des Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrums Heidelberg
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Publication History

Publication Date:
09 March 2006 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Immuntherapie hat bereits einige Höhen und Tiefen hinter sich, doch noch nie gab es so viele unterschiedliche immunologische Ansätze in der Tumortherapie wie heute. Zum einen befindet sich die Antikörpertherapie in einer Renaissance und verschiedene therapeutische Antikörper werden in über 350 klinischen Studien bei Tumorerkrankungen getestet. Auch Vakzinierungen mit dem Ziel eine zelluläre Immunantwort gegen den Tumor zu induzieren oder zu verstärken sind derzeit in der Entwicklung. Hierbei werden die unterschiedlichsten Wege der Applikation genutzt: Antigene werden als DNA, RNA oder Protein appliziert oder in Form kurzer Peptide auf dendritischen Zellen geladen und verabreicht. Adjuvanzien sind als extrem wichtige Komponenten einer erfolgreichen Vakzinierung erkannt und werden entsprechend eingesetzt. Das maligne Melanom war und ist eine Art Modell-Tumor, der trotz oder vielleicht wegen seiner besonders hartnäckigen Therapieresistenz im Mittelpunkt neuer Therapieversuche steht. Auch das kutane T-Zell-Lymphom steht mehr und mehr im Fokus immunologischer Tumortherapien. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit setzt sich mit den verschiedenen Formen der Immuntherapie auseinander, den Voraussetzungen und der Entwicklung solcher Therapien und dem aktuellen Stand solcher Strategien in der Dermato-Onkologie.

Abstract

The story of immunotherapy obviously runs in waves, but the number of different approaches in immunological tumor therapy at present is exceptionally large. On one hand, antibody therapy has a revival leading to more than 350 clinical trials using therapeutic antibodies for malignant diseases. In addition, numerous strategies are presently developed to induce or enhance cellular immune responses against the tumor cell. A variety of applications are used for this purpose: antigens are given as DNA, RNA, or protein or are loaded as small peptides onto dendritic cells. Adjuvants are recognized as extremely important components of a successful vaccination and are used and tested as such. Malignant melanoma was and is a kind of model tumor, which is in the focus of new immunological strategies in spite or due to its known resistance to therapy. Cutaneous T cell lymphoma is increasingly targeted by immunological therapies. This review summarizes different kinds of immunotherapy, prerequisites and development of such therapies and the state of such strategies in dermato-oncology.

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PD Dr. Stefan Eichmüller

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Email: s.eichmueller@dkfz.de