Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924363
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Exercise Capacity and Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Hemodialysis Patients
Publication History
Accepted after revision: May 20, 2006
Publication Date:
06 October 2006 (online)
Abstract
Mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is increased after acute exercise and training. This study aims to evaluate whether, in a low performance population, EPC levels may be related to exercise capacity in steady state conditions. Study population consisted of sixteen hemodialysis patients. The distance walked in the 6-minute walking test (6 MWD) and the maximal speed attained in an incremental treadmill test were used to assess the exercise capacity. Physical functioning was measured by the scale on the SF36 questionnaire. Quantification of peripheral blood CD34(+) cells and enumeration of EPCs, assessed as CD34(+) cells coexpressing AC 133 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, were performed. Hemoglobin concentration, white blood cells, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. Statistical analysis examined the relationship between blood progenitors cells versus performance parameters, laboratory parameters, age, body mass index, hemodialysis duration, and erythropoietin therapy. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between percentage values of EPC and performance parameters only: 6 MWD (r = 0.720; p = 0.0017), maximal treadmill speed (r = 0.721; p = 0.0016), and physical functioning score (r = 0.506; p = 0.0453). A similar statistical association between EPC absolute values and performance parameters was found. No correlation between CD34+ and any parameter under study was observed. Multivariate analysis indicated 6 MWD as the most significant independent factor associated with EPC level. EPC percentage value was significantly lower (p = 0.0087) in the worse (6 MWD < 300 m, n = 8) than in the better performing group (6 MWD > 300 m, n = 8). In a group of renal patients, mobilization of EPCs was related to the degree of exercise capacity, suggesting a possible connection with the cardiovascular risk in low performance populations limited by chronic diseases.
Key words
Cardiovascular risk - kidney failure - chronic - stem cells - tests
References
- 1 Aicher A, Zeiher A M, Dimmeler S. Mobilizing endothelial progenitor cells. Hypertension. 2005; 45 321-325
- 2 Barnett D, Granger V, Kraan J, Whitby L, Reilly J T, Papa S, Gratama J W. Reduction of intra- and inter-laboratory variation in CD34+ stem cell enumeration using stable test material, standard protocols and targeted training. Br J Haematol. 2000; 108 784-792
- 3 Cahalin L P, Mathier M A, Semigran M J, Dec G W, DiSalvo T G. The six-minute walk test predicts peak oxygen uptake and survival in patients with advanced heart failure. Chest. 1996; 110 325-332
- 4 Choi J H, Kim K L, Huh W, Kim B, Byun J, Suh W, Sung J, Jeon E S, Oh H Y, Kim D K. Decreased number and impaired angiogenic function of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with chronic renal failure. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004; 24 1246-1252
- 5 Collins A J. Cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease. Am J Med Sci. 2003; 325 163-167
- 6 Enright P L. The six-minute walk test. Respir Care. 2003; 48 783-785
- 7 Fadini G P, Miorin M, Facco M, Bonamico S, Baesso I, Grego F, Menegolo M, de Kreutzenberg S V, Tiengo A, Agostini C, Avogaro A. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells are reduced in peripheral vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 45 1449-1457
- 8 Hill J M, Zalos G, Halcox J P, Schenke W H, Waclawiw M A, Quyyumi A A, Finkel T. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, vascular function, and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348 593-600
- 9 Himann J E, Cunningham D A, Rechnitzer P A, Paterson D H. Age-related changes in speed of walking. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1988; 20 161-166
- 10 Johansen K L, Chertow G M, Ng A V, Mulligan K, Carey S, Schoenfeld P Y, Kent-Braun J A. Physical activity level in patient on hemodialisis and healthy sedentary controls. Kidney Int. 2000; 57 2564-2570
- 11 Kojda G, Hambrecht R. Molecular mechanisms of vascular adaptations to exercise. Physical activity as an effective antioxidant therapy?. Cardiovasc Res. 2005; 67 187-197
- 12 Kouidi E, Albani M, Natsis K, Megalopoulos A, Gigis P, Guiba-Tziampiri O, Tourkantonis A, Deligiannis A. The effects of exercise training on muscle atrophy in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998; 13 685-699
- 13 Laufs U, Werner N, Link A, Endres M, Wassmann S, Jurgens K, Miche E, Bohm M, Nickenig G. Physical training increases endothelial progenitor cells, inhibits neointima formation, and enhances angiogenesis. Circulation. 2004; 109 220-226
- 14 Manfredini F, Conconi F, Malagoni A M, Manfredini R, Mascoli F, Liboni A, Zamboni P. Speed rather than distance: a novel graded treadmill test to assess claudication. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004; 28 303-309
- 15 McKenna M, Wolfson S, Kuller L. The ratio of ankle and arm arterial pressure as an independent predictor of mortality. Atherosclerosis. 1991; 87 119-128
- 16 Myers J, Prakash M, Froelicher V, Do D, Partington S, Atwood J E. Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346 793-801
- 17 O'Hare A M, Tawney K, Bacchetti P, Johansen K L. Decreased survival among sedentary patients undergoing dialysis: results from the dialysis morbidity and mortality study wave 2. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003; 41 447-454
- 18 Peichev M, Naiyer A J, Pereira D, Zhu Z, Lane W J, Williams M, Oz M C, Hicklin D J, Witte L, Moore M AS, Rafii S. Expression of VEGFR‐2 and AC133 by circulating human CD34+ cells identifies a population of functional endothelial precursors. Blood. 2000; 95 952-958
- 19 Prior B M, Yang H T, Terjung R L. What makes vessels grow with exercise training?. J Appl Physiol. 2004; 97 1119-1128
- 20 Rehman J, Li J, Parvathaneni L, Karlsson G, Panchal V R, Temm C J, Mahenthiran J, March K L. Exercise acutely increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells and monocyte-/macrophage-derived angiogenic cells. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 43 2314-2318
- 21 Rehman J. Can angiogenesis be exercised?. EXS & G Breier, Birkhðuser Verlag & G Breier, Birkhðuser VerlagEXS 2005;. 2005; 94 155-161
- 22 Rostagno C, Olivo G, Comeglio M, Boddi V, Banchelli M, Galanti G, Gensini G F. Prognostic value of 6-minute walk corridor test in patients with mild to moderate heart failure: comparison with other methods of functional evaluation. Eur J Heart Fail. 2003; 5 247-252
- 23 Sandri M, Adams V, Gielen S, Linke A, Lenk K, Krankel N, Lenz D, Erbs S, Scheinert D, Mohr F W, Schuler G, Hambrecht R. Effects of exercise and ischemia on mobilization and functional activation of blood-derived progenitor cells in patients with ischemic syndromes: results of 3 randomized studies. Circulation. 2005; 111 3391-3399
- 24 Schmidt-Lucke C, Rossig L, Fichtlscherer S, Vasa M, Britten M, Kamper U, Dimmeler S, Zeiher A M. Reduced number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells predicts future cardiovascular events. Proof of concept for the clinical importance of endogenous vascular repair. Circulation. 2005; 111 2981-2987
- 25 Sklar A H, Riesenberg L A, Silber A K, Ahmed W, Ali A. Postdialysis fatigue. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996; 28 732-736
- 26 Steiner S, Niessner A, Ziegler S, Richter B, Seidinger D, Pleiner J, Penka M, Wolzt M, Huber K, Wojta J, Minar E, Kopp C W. Endurance training increases the number of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with cardiovascular risk and coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 2005; 181 305-310
- 27 Valgimigli M, Rigolin G M, Fucili A, Porta M D, Soukhomovskaia O, Malagutti P, Bugli A M, Bragotti L Z, Francolini G, Mauro E, Castoldi G, Ferrari R. CD34+ and endothelial progenitor cells in patients with various degrees of congestive heart failure. Circulation. 2004; 110 1209-1212
- 28 Vasa M, Fichtlscherer S, Aicher A, Adler K, Urbich C, Martin H, Zeiher A M, Dimmeler S. Number and migratory activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells inversely correlate with risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circ Res. 2001; 89 E1-E7
MD Fabio Manfredini
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Section: Biochemistry of Exercise - Center for Biomedical Studies Applied to Sport
University of Ferrara
Via Gramicia 35
44100 Ferrara
Italy
Phone: + 39 05 32 29 10 70-29 10 75
Fax: + 39 05 32 70 50 18
Email: mdf@unife.it