Zusammenfassung
Zu den Manifestationen der progressiven systemischen Sklerodermie (PSS) im Bereich der Hände zählen das Raynaud-Phänomen, die Calcinosis cutis, die Sklerodaktylie und Teleangiektasien. In fortgeschrittenen Stadien der Erkrankung kann es zu dermatogenen oder arthrogenen Kontrakturen, Akroosteolysen und Fingerkuppennekrosen bis hin zu ausgedehnten digitalen Ulzerationen kommen. Diese oft schnell progredienten und deutlich dolenten Befunde führen neben Funktionseinschränkungen zu einer erheblichen Stigmatisierung und resultieren unbehandelt häufig in Verstümmelungen. Nur durch ein interdisziplinäres Management unter Mitwirkung von Handchirurgen, Rheumatologen und Physiotherapeuten kann eine optimale Therapie der Manifestationen der PSS im Bereich der Hände gelingen. Medikamentöse und physikalische Maßnahmen sollten bekannt sein und vor chirurgischen Interventionen ausgeschöpft beziehungsweise begleitend eingeleitet werden. Die chirurgische Therapie beinhaltet neben der Infekttherapie vor allem die Exzision der Kalkherde, Arthrodesen, insbesondere der proximalen Interphalangealgelenke, und die Sympathektomie. Die Amputation nekrotischer Finger bleibt Teil des Therapiekonzeptes, wobei bei rechtzeitiger suffizienter Therapie eine Amputation vermieden und meist eine Funktionsverbesserung und Symptomlinderung erreicht werden kann. Unter den nicht-operativen Maßnahmen haben sich vor allem Verhaltensschulungen, der Einsatz von Kalziumantagonisten, Prostazyklinderivaten und topischen Nitraten sowie Plexusanästhesien und Stellatum-Blockaden bewährt. Zu den neuen medikamentösen Therapieoptionen zählen Endothelin-Rezeptor-Antagonisten für die Prävention neuer digitaler Ulzerationen und Phosphodiesterase-V-Hemmer für die Behandlung des Raynaud-Phänomens und die Abheilung akraler Ulzerationen. Am Beispiel eigener Patienten stellen wir multimodale Therapiekonzepte akraler Manifestationen der PSS vor.
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of scleroderma at the hand include Raynaud's phenomenon, calcinosis cutis, sclerodactylia and teleangiectasia. With the progression of the disease, cutaneous and joint contractions, acro-osteolysis, necrosis of the finger tips, and even extensive digital ulceration are likely to occur. These painful and often rapidly advancing lesions cause loss of function and disfigurement and, untreated, often lead to mutilation of the affected hand. Only an interdisciplinary management including the hand surgeon, the rheumatologist, and the physiotherapist can guarantee optimal treatment. Drug therapy should be included as well as physical therapy. Both should be made use of before and accompanying surgical treatment. Surgical therapy consists of treatment of the infections, excision of calcinosis, arthrodesis, in particular of the proximal interphalangeal joints, and sympathectomy. Amputation remains a final option, whereas with timely and sufficient treatment, amputations can be avoided and an improvement of function and an alleviation of the symptoms can be achieved. Among the non-operative treatment options, behavioural training, calcium antagonists, prostacyclin derivatives, topical nitrates as well as plexus anesthesia and stellatum blocks have proved to be effective. Recent drug therapies include endothelin-receptor antagonists for the prevention of digital ulceration and phosphodiesterase-V antagonists in treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and induction of ulcer healing. With reference to several cases seen at our institution, we propose an interdisciplinary treatment concept for acral manifestations of scleroderma.
Schlüsselwörter
Sklerodermie - multimodales Therapiekonzept - interdisziplinäres Management - Handchirurgie
Key words
scleroderma - multimodal therapy - interdisciplinary management - hand surgery
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Dr. med. Adrien Daigeler
Universitätsklinik für Plastische Chirurgie und Schwerbrandverletzte Handchirurgiezentrum Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil
Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1
44789 Bochum
Email: adrien.daigeler@rub.de