Zusammenfassung
Die Gelenkbeteiligung ist die häufigste extraintestinale Manifestation chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen (CED). Sie kann sich in Form von Arthralgien äußern und als Spondyloarthritis Extremitätengelenke, das Achsenskelett sowie Sehnen einbeziehen. Das klinische Bild ist wegweisend für die Diagnostik und Therapie. Insbesondere sollte ein „entzündlicher Rückenschmerz” frühzeitig zu einer Abklärung führen. HLA-B27 kann ein Indikator für eine prognostisch ungünstige ankylosierende Spondylitis sein. Die Arthrosonographie und die Magnetresonanztomographie haben in der Entzündungsdiagnostik gegenüber anderen bildgebenden Verfahren die größte Bedeutung. Während sich Arthralgien oft unter der Behandlung der CED bessern, erfordern die polyartikuläre Arthritis, Sakroiliitis, ankylosierende Spondylitis und Enthesitis meist eine zusätzliche langfristige Therapie. Analgetika, lokale Glukokortikoide und Physiotherapie stellen hierbei die therapeutische Grundlage dar. Bei polyartikulärer Arthritis können antirheumatische Langzeittherapeutika wie Sulfasalazin und Methotrexat eingesetzt werden. In frühen Stadien einer Achsenskelettbeteiligung kann eine Therapie mit Sulfasalazin sinnvoll sein. Tumornekrosefaktor(TNF)-alpha-Antagonisten sind bei therapierefraktären, entzündlich aktiven Verläufen gerechtfertigt. Für Patienten, die nicht auf TNF-alpha-Antagonisten ansprechen, stellen weitere „Biologicals”, die auf anderen Ebenen des Entzündungsprozesses angreifen und derzeit im Rahmen von Studien eingesetzt werden, potenzielle künftige Therapiemöglichkeiten dar.
Abstract
Joint involvement is the most frequent extra-intestinal manifestation of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Arthralgias are common and spondylarthropathy may affect peripheral joints, the spine as well as tendons. Clinical assessment has the greatest impact on diagnostics and therapy. In particular, a history of “inflammatory back pain” should lead to further investigations. HLA-B27 may be indicative of ankylosing spondylitis in IBD. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are preferred diagnostic modalities for the assessment of inflammation. Arthralgia often improves during treatment of IBD. In contrast, polyarticular arthritis, sacroiliitis, ankylosing spondylitis and enthesitis often require additional continuous therapy. Baseline therapy includes analgesics, intra-articular corticosteroid administration, and physiotherapy. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs such as sulfasalazine and methotrexate are used in polyarticular arthritis. Sulfasalazine may be effective in patients with early axial disease as well. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocking agents may be employed in patients with active disease not responding to conventional treatment. For patients who fail to respond to TNF blockade, the emergence of other targets of the inflammatory cascade may provide more treatment choices in the future.
Schlüsselwörter
Chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankung - Colitis ulcerosa - Morbus Crohn - extraintestinale Manifestation
Key words
Inflammatory bowel disease - colitis ulcerosa - Crohn’s disease - extraintestinal manifestation
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