Zusammenfassung
Interscalene Plexusblockaden (ISB) sind ein zentraler Bestandteil der Anästhesie bei Schultereingriffen. Üblicherweise wird zur Plexusanästhesie das Verfahren der Nervenstimulation verwendet. Zur Identifikation der Punktionsstelle werden dabei externe Landmarken verwendet, die bei adipösen Patienten eine mögliche Fehlerquelle darstellen. Ziel: Wir studierten Unterschiede zwischen normalgewichtigen und adipösen Patienten hinsichtlich des Blockadeerfolgs und des Zeitaufwands bei der Verwendung von tragbaren, hoch auflösenden Ultraschallgeräten. Methoden: Es wurden 70 Patienten untersucht, die entsprechend ihres Gewichts in die Gruppe nw (Body mass index BMI < 25) oder ow (BMI > 25) eingeteilt wurden. Der interscalenäre Teil des Plexus brachii wurde mit einem tragbaren Ultraschallsystem dargestellt und die Blockade unter kontinuierlicher Visualisierung durchgeführt. Die Qualität der ISB wurde nach Ende der Operation untersucht und der Zeitaufwand der Durchführung der Blockaden verglichen. Ergebnis: Bei den adipösen Patienten betrug die Durchführung der ultraschall-geführten Blockade etwas länger (Gruppe ow: 5 ± 1 min gegen Gruppe nw: 4 ± 2 min, p = 0,02). In Gruppe nw waren bei 33 Patienten (94 %) die Blockaden vollständig, in der Gruppe ow bei 27 Patienten (77 %). Die Differenz in der Erfolgsrate war nicht signifikant verschieden (p = 0,08). Bei 3 Patienten der Gruppe ow war die Darstellung der Nerven schwierig. Schlussfolgerung: Mit tragbaren Ultraschallsystemen gelingt auch bei adipösen Patienten die Darstellung der interscalenären Strukturen des Plexus brachii. Bei der Durchführung von ISB unter Ultraschallsicht sind die Ergebnisse mit denen bei normalgewichtigen Patienten vergleichbar.
Abstract
Interscalene plexus blocks are an important part of the peri-operative treatment in shoulder surgery. The nerve stimulation technique uses external landmarks for the definition of the injection site. Patient obesity is, therefore, one causative factor for a reduced success rate of the blockade. Aim: This study investigated whether there are differences in visibility of the target nerves and in the success rate of the block between patients of normal weight (nw) and obese patients (ow), when portable sonography is used for guidance of the interscalene nerve blockade (ISB). Methods: We investigated 70 patients routinely scheduled for shoulder surgery (ASA status I-III). The patients were allocated to group nw (body mass index BMI< 25) or ow (BMI > 25). The interscalene part of the brachial plexus was examined using high-frequency portable ultrasound. The blockade was performed under continuous sonographic monitoring. The quality of the ISB was tested post-operatively, and the time required for the procedure was documented. Results: Identification of nerve structures in the obese patients did require slightly more time than in patients of normal weight, statistically (ow: 5 ± 1 min versus nw: 4 ± 2 min, p = 0.02). While in 33 patients (94 %) of group nw the plexus blockade was complete, in group ow 27 (77 %) of the blocks were sufficient. The difference in success, however, was not significant (p = 0.08). Visualisation of nerves was difficult in 3 patients in ow-group. Conclusion: Portable ultrasound provides efficient depiction of the interscalene plexus structures in obese patients and, when used for guidance of regional blockade, renders similar results as in patients of normal weight.
Schlüsselwörter
Anästhesie - Regionalanästhesie - Ultraschall - Nervenblockade - interscalenär
Key words
Anaesthesia - regional anaesthesia - ultrasound - nerve block - interscalene
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Dr. Ulrich Schwemmer
Zentrum Operative Medizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
Oberdürrbacher Straße 6
97080 Würzburg
eMail: schwemmer_u@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de