Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Es sollte untersucht werden, ob die Planimetrie mittels MRT sensitiv genug ist, um die Mitralklappenöffnungsfläche (KÖF) und den Behandlungserfolg einer perkutanen Mitralklappenvalvuloplastie (MKVP) zu visualisieren. Material und Methoden: Acht Patienten mit höhergradiger symptomatischer Mitralklappenstenose wurden vor und nach MKVP an einem 1,5 T MRT (Sonata, Siemens, Erlangen) untersucht. Die KÖF wurde mittels einer Cine-true-FISP-Sequenz durch direkte Planimetrie ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit der echokardiographisch ermittelten Klappenöffnungsfläche (Echo-KÖF) und der invasiv mittels Herzkatheter ermittelten Klappenöffnungsfläche (HK-KÖF) verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die MKVP führte zu einem Anstieg der MR-KÖF (Δ MR-KÖF) um 0,79 ± 0,3 cm2 . Die Korrelation zwischen der Δ MR-KÖF und der Δ HK-KÖF betrug 0,92 (p < 0,03) und die zwischen der Δ MR-KÖF und der Δ ECHO-KÖF 0,90 (p < 0,04). Die Gesamtkorrelationen zwischen der MR-KÖF und der HK-KÖF bzw. der Echo-KÖF betrugen 0,95 (p < 0,0001) bzw. 0,98 (p < 0,0001). Die MR-KÖF überschätzte die HK-KÖF um 8,0 % (1,64 ± 0,45 vs. 1,51 ± 0,49 cm2 , p < 0,01) und die ECHO-KÖF um 1,8 % (1,64 ± 0,45 vs. 1,61 ± 0,43 cm2 , n. s.). Schlussfolgerung: Die MR-Planimetrie ist sensitiv genug, um auch vergleichsweise geringe Veränderungen der Klappenöffnungsfläche zu detektieren und stellt ein zuverlässiges Verfahren zur Visualisierung und Verlaufskontrolle des Behandlungserfolges nach Valvuloplastie dar. Es ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die Planimetrie mittels MRT die KÖF im Vergleich zur Herzkatheteruntersuchung leicht überschätzt.
Abstract
Purpose: We sought to determine whether noninvasive planimetry by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is suitably sensitive and reliable for visualizing the mitral valve area (MVA) and for detecting increases in the MVA after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV). Materials and Methods: In 8 patients with mitral valve stenosis, planimetry of the MVA was performed before and after PBMV with a 1.5 T MR scanner using a breath-hold balanced gradient echo sequence (True FISP). The data was compared to the echocardiographically determined MVA (ECHO-MVA) as well as to the invasively calculated MVA by the Gorlin formula at catheterization (CATH-MVA). Results: PBMV was associated with an increase of 0.79 ± 0.30 cm2 in the MVA (Δ MRI-MVA). The correlation between Δ MRI-MVA and Δ CATH-MVA was 0.92 (p < 0.03) and that between Δ MRI-MVA and Δ ECHO-MVA was 0.90 (p < 0.04). The overall correlation between MRI-MVA and CATH-MVA was 0.95 (p < 0.0001) and that between MRI-MVA and ECHO-MVA was 0.98 (p < 0.0001). MRI-MVA slightly overestimated CATH-MVA by 8.0 % (1.64 ± 0.45 vs. 1.51 ± 0.49 cm2 , p < 0.01) and ECHO-MVA by 1.8 % (1.64 ± 0.45 vs. 1.61 ± 0.43 cm2 , n. s.). Conclusion: Magnetic resonance planimetry of the mitral valve orifice is a sensitive and reliable method for the noninvasive quantification of mitral stenosis and visualization of small relative changes in the MVA. This new method is therefore capable of diagnosing as well as following the course of mitral stenosis. It must be taken into consideration that planimetry by MRI slightly overestimates the MVA as compared to cardiac catheterization.
Key Words
MR imaging - heart - mitral stenosis - planimetry - percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty
References
1
Mahnken A H, Gunther R W, Krombach G A.
The basics of left ventricular functional analysis with MRI and MSCT.
Fortschr Röntgenstr.
2004;
176
1349-1354
2
Friedrich M G, Schulz-Menger J, Poetsch T. et al .
Quantification of valvular aortic stenosis by magnetic resonance imaging.
Am Heart J.
2002;
144
329-334
3
Djavidani B, Debl K, Lenhart M. et al .
Planimetry of mitral valve stenosis by magnetic resonance imaging.
J Am Coll Cardiol.
2005;
45
2048-2053
4
Debl K, Djavidani B, Seitz J. et al .
Planimetry of aortic valve area in aortic stenosis by magnetic resonance imaging.
Invest Radiol.
2005;
40
631-636
5
Inoue K, Okawi T, Nakamura T. et al .
Clinical application of transvenous mitral commissurotomy by a new balloon catheter.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
1984;
87
394-402
6
Vilacosta I, Iturralde E, San Roman J A. et al .
Transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring of percutaneous mitral balloon valvulotomy.
Am J Cardiol.
1992;
70
1040-1044
7
Gorlin R, Gorlin S G.
Hydraulic formula for calculation of the area of the stenotic mitral valve, other cardiac valves and central circulatory shunts.
Am Heart J.
1951;
41
1-29
8
Hatle L, Angelsen B, Tromsdal A. et al .
Noninvasive assessment of atrioventricular pressure half-time by Doppler ultrasound.
Circulation.
1979;
60
1096-1104
9
Come P T, Riley M F, Diver D L. et al .
Noninvasive assessment of mitral stenosis before and after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty.
Am J Cardiol.
1988;
61
817-825
10
Pitsavos C E, Stefanadis C I, Stratos C G. et al .
Assessment of accuracy of the Doppler pressure half-time method in the estimation of the mitral valve area immediately after balloon mitral valvuloplasty.
Eur Heart J.
1997;
18
455-463
11
Thomas J D, Wilkins G T, Choong C YP. et al .
Inaccuracy of mitral pressure half-time immediately after percutaneous mitral valvotomy: dependence on transmitral gradient and left atrial and ventricular compliance.
Circulation.
1988;
78
980-993
12
Levin T N, Feldman T, Carroll J D.
Effect of atrial septal occlusion on mitral valve area after Inoue balloon valvotomy.
Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn.
1994;
33
308-314
13
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Balloon Valvuloplasty Registry .
Multicenter experience with balloon mitral commissurotomy: NHLBI balloon valvuloplasty registry report on immediate and 30-day follow-up results.
Circulation.
1992;
85
448-461
14
Reyes V P, Raju B S, Wynne J. et al .
Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty compared with open surgical commissurotomy for mitral stenosis.
N Engl J Med.
1994;
331
961-967
15
Lin S J, Brown P A, Watkins M P. et al .
Quantification of stenotic mitral valve area with magnetic resonance imaging and comparison with Doppler ultrasound.
J Am Coll Cardiol.
2004;
44
133-137
Dr. Behrus Djavidani
Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg
Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11
93042 Regensburg
Telefon: ++49/9 41/9 44 74 73
Fax: ++49/9 41/9 44 74 09
eMail: behrus.djavidani@klinik.uni-regensburg.de