Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Bestimmung des prognostischen Wertes morphologischer kardialer Parameter in der Mehrschicht-Spiral-CT (MSCT) bei Patienten mit vermuteter und inzidenteller akuter Lungenembolie (LE). Material und Methoden: 2335 konsekutive MS-CT-Untersuchungen wurden retrospektiv auf das Vorliegen einer Lungenembolie untersucht. Kriterien der Scanqualität (arterielles Enhancement und Analysierbarkeit der Pulmonalarterien und des Herzens) wurden ermittelt. In Untersuchungen mit vorliegender Lungenembolie wurden die rechts- und linksventrikulären kurzen Achsen (RVD , LVD ) und die diastolische Deviation des Septum interventriculare (DSI) bestimmt. Herzechobefunde wurden bezüglich eines akuten Cor pulmonale analysiert. Die klinische Datenerhebung umfasste kardiorespiratorische und andere Komorbiditäten, systemische Antikoagulation und den 30-Tages-Verlauf. Prädiktoren eines akuten Cor pulmonale sowie der Kurzzeitmortalität wurden mittels uni- und multivariater logistischer Regressions- sowie ROC-Analysen bestimmt und „Odds Ratios” (OR) sowie positive (PPV) und negative (NPV) Vorhersagewerte berechnet. Ergebnisse: 90 Patienten mit akuter LE wurden eingeschlossen (36 Patienten mit klinischem LE-Verdacht, 54 mit inzidenteller LE). 26 Patienten hatten kardiorespiratorische Komorbiditäten. 4 Patienten erhielten systemische Thrombolyse, 43 eine therapeutische, 19 eine prophylaktische Antikoagulation und 24 Patienten keine Therapie. 15/41 Patienten mit Echokardiographie hatten ein akutes Cor pulmonale. 8 Patienten verstarben innerhalb 30 Tagen. Die RVD war der beste unabhängige Prädiktor für ein akutes Cor pulmonale (p = 0,002; OR = 9,16; PPV = 0,68; NPV = 1 bei 4,49 cm Cut off) und die 30-Tages-Mortalität (p = 0,0005; OR = 2,82; PPV = 0,23; NPV = 0,98 bei 4,75 cm Cut off). Der RVD /LVD -Quotient hatte einen PPV von 0,85 für Cor pulmonale. Schlussfolgerung: Die RVD und der RVD /LVD -Quotient waren geeignet, um Patienten mit akutem Cor pulmonale bzw. benigner Kurzzeitprognose zu identifizieren. Weiterführende Studien sollten prospektiv den kombinierten Nutzen CT-morpologischer und klinischer Parameter evaluieren.
Abstract
Purpose: Evaluation of the prognostic value of morphological cardiac parameters in patients with suspected and incidental acute pulmonary embolism (PE) using multidetector-row chest CT (MSCT). Materials and Methods: 2335 consecutive MSCT scans were evaluated for the presence of PE. The arterial enhancement and analysability of pulmonary arteries and the heart were assessed as parameters of the scan quality. The diastolic right and left ventricular short axes (RVD , LVD ) and the interventricular septal deviation (ISD) were measured in all PE-positive patients and the echocardiography reports were reviewed. The clinical data assessment included cardio-respiratory and other co-morbidities, systemic anticoagulant therapy (ACT), and the 30-day outcome. Predictors of acute cor pulmonale and the short-term outcome were calculated by univariate and multivariate logistic regressions including odds ratios (OR) and ROC analyses using positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV). Results: 90 patients with acute PE were included (36 with clinically suspected PE, 54 with incidental PE). 26 patients had cardio-respiratory co-morbidities. Four patients underwent systemic thrombolysis, 43 underwent anticoagulation in therapeutic doses, 19 underwent anticoagulation in prophylactic doses, and 24 patients did not undergo ACT. 15 of 41 patients had echocardiographic evidence of acute cor pulmonale. 8 patients died within 30 days. The RVD was the best independent predictor of acute cor pulmonale (p = 0,002, OR = 9.16, PPV = 0.68, NPV = 1 at 4.49 cm cut off) and short-term outcome (p = 0,0005, OR = 2.82, PPV = 0.23, NPV = 0.98 at 4.75 cm cut off). The RVD /LVD ratio had a PPV of 0.85 for cor pulmonale. Conclusion: The RVD and RVD /LVD ratio were suitable for identifying patients with acute cor pulmonale and for benign short-term prognosis. Further studies should prospectively address the combined use of CT-morphological and clinical parameters for the prediction of patient outcome.
Key words
Embolism/thrombosis - CT spiral - CT angiography
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Dr. Christoph Engelke
Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München
Ismaninger Str. 22
81675 München
Telefon: ++49/89/41 40 26 21
Fax: ++49/89/41 40 48 34
eMail: cengelke@roe.med.tum.de