Neurobiologische Grundlagen depressiver Syndrome

Zusammenfassung

Depressive Erkrankungen zählen mit einer Lebenszeitprävalenz von bis zu 20 % zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen weltweit. Statistisch betrachtet gehören sie zu den Hauptursachen für den Verlust an Lebensjahren durch Behinderung. Mit den Methoden neurobiologischer Forschung gelingt es heute zunehmend, die den depressiven Syndromen zu Grunde liegenden Pathomechanismen zu erhellen. Dabei konnten zum einen Theorien - wie die Monoaminmangelhypothese - untermauert werden, welche schon seit Jahrzehnten Grundlage für die Erforschung emotionaler Störungen sind. Zum anderen gelingt es zunehmend, neue Aspekte der Pathogenese aufzudecken. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit sollen etablierte Modelle und neuere Forschungsergebnisse vorgestellt werden. Dabei wird ein Brückenschlag von genetischen und epigenetischen Faktoren, über morphologische Korrelate bis hin zu funktionellen Auswirkungen depressiver Syndrome versucht. Abschließend werden die sich daraus ableitenden therapeutischen Implikationen aufgezeigt, welche in Zukunft zu effektiveren Diagnose- und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten führen können.

Abstract

Depressive disorders belong to the most frequent diseases worldwide showing a lifetime prevalence of up to 20 %. Moreover they are one of the leading causes for the amount of years lived with disability. Increasing knowledge about the pathological mechanisms underlying depressive syndromes is obtained by using modern neurobiological research-techniques. Thereby some older theories that have been the basis of emotion-research for decades - like the monoamine hypothesis - have been strengthened. In addition new aspects of the pathological processes underlying depressive disturbances have been unraveled. In this review established models and recent findings will be discussed, to bridge various research-fields, ranging from genetics, epigenetics and morphological changes to the functional consequences of depression. Finally therapeutic implications that could be derived from these results will be presented, showing up putative possibilities for diagnosis and treatment of depressive syndromes.

Schlüsselwörter

Depression - Serotonin - Genetik

Key words

depression - serotonin - genetics

Literatur

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