Zusammenfassung
Die klinisch-neuropathologische Multiple Sklerose (MS)-Forschung konnte in den letzten
Jahren deutliche Fortschritte verzeichnen. Wesentliche Erkenntnisse ergaben sich vor
allem aus der systematischen Untersuchung früher MS-Läsionen hirnbiopsierter Patienten.
Hier steht der Befund einer differenziellen Myelin- und Oligodendrozytenschädigung
beim individuellen MS-Patienten im Vordergrund. Ein weiterer Paradigmenwechsel ergab
sich durch den Befund, dass das Ausmaß der Schädigung der Nervenzellfortsätze die
Langzeitprognose der Patienten bestimmt. Großes Augenmerk wird auf die Erforschung
der endogenen Reparaturkapazität und deren therapeutischer Stimulation gelegt. Im
Folgenden werden der aktuelle Stand der neuropathologischen MS-Forschung sowie wesentliche
Forschungsansätze im Überblick dargestellt.
Summary
Recent years saw important advances in clinical and neuropathological MS research.
Large systematical studies on early MS lesions underline the fact that multiple mechanisms
of myelin and oligodendrocyte damage may lead to the formation of an inflammatory-demyelinated
lesion. A further paradigm shift was induced by the finding that axonal loss is a
key determinant of permanent clinical disability. In addition to identifying mediators
of axonal damage and developing axon- and neuroprotective strategies, current research
focuses on the elucidation and stimulation of endogenous repair processes. A short
overview of current topics and future directions of MS research is given.
Key Words
Multiple sclerosis - demyelination - remyelination - axonal damage
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Korrespondenzadresse:
Prof. Dr. Christine Stadelmann
Institut für Neuropathologie
Email: cstadelmann@med.uni-goettingen.de
