Zusammenfassung
Studienziel: Ziel dieser Studie war es zu beurteilen, inwieweit es nach peripherer Implantation
von Abriebpartikeln aus rostfreiem Edelstahl und Reintitan zu einer systemischen Verteilung
in parenchymatöse Organe kommt. Methode: In eine an der Rückenhautfalte des Syrischen Goldhamsters angebrachte Beobachtungskammer
erfolgte die Implantation von 2 mm3 rostfreien Edelstahl- bzw. Titanpartikeln. Tiere ohne Abriebimplantation dienten
als Kontrollgruppe. Vor sowie 24 h und 14 d nach Partikelimplantation wurden Blutproben
entnommen. Nach 14 Tagen wurden Gewebeproben aus der Implantatstelle sowie aus Organhälften
von Herz, Lunge, Leber und Milz histologisch sowie elektronenmikroskopisch nach systemisch
verteilten Partikeln untersucht. In den anderen Organhälften sowie in den Blutproben
wurde mittels Massenspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma- bzw. Graphitrohr-Atomabsorptionspektrophotometrie
der Gehalt an den Elementen Chrom, Nickel und Titan gemessen. Ergebnis: An der Implantatstelle der Tiere mit Titanabrieb waren histologisch freie und phagozytierte
Partikel ohne pathologische Gewebereaktion zu beobachten. In der Edelstahlgruppe fand
sich dagegen eine massive Entzündungsreaktion bis hin zur Nekrosebildung. In der Blut-
und Organanalyse dieser Gruppe zeigten sich deutlich erhöhte Werte für Chrom, wohingegen
Nickel nur in der 24 h Blutprobe erhöht war. Die Organanalyse der Tiere mit implantiertem
Titanabrieb ergab signifikant erhöhte Werte für das Element Titan, jedoch keine signifikante
Diskrepanz zwischen den Blutproben. Histologisch ließen sich in keinen Organen Partikel
nachweisen. Schlussfolgerung: Edelstahlpartikel haben im Vergleich zu Titanpartikeln ein ausgeprägteres inflammatorisches
Potenzial. Erhöhte Blutserumspiegel der Elemente weisen zusammen mit Anreicherungen
von Legierungsbestandteilen und Korrosionsprodukten in verschiedenen Organen auf eine
hämatogene systemische Verteilung von ionalen Bestandteilen der Abriebpartikel hin.
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to elucidate whether there is a systemic spread of wear
debris from peripherally applied stainless steel and titanium particles into the blood
and subsequently to parenchymatous organs. Furthermore, we report on histological
findings at the implantation site. Method: In Syrian Gold hamsters we implanted 2 mm3 wear debris of stainless steel and titanium into the dorsal skin fold chamber. Over
a period of 2 weeks we took blood samples and afterwards explanted the implant area,
the heart, lung, liver and spleen. One half of the organs and the implant area were
used for histological analysis. The other half of the organs and the blood samples
were analysed by optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma and
graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry for their contents of chromium,
nickel and titanium. Results: In the group with titanium particles, histological analysis of the implant site showed
moderate phagocyted wear in granulocytes but no other pathological findings. Animals
treated with stainless steel wear debris had a massive inflammatory reaction, in some
cases leading to necrosis. The analysis of the blood and one half of the organs showed
increased levels of chromium and, already 24 hours after implantation, raised values
for nickel. The result of the hamsters treated with titanium showed significantly
elevated levels of titanium ions in the organs, but not in the blood samples. Histology
of the organs did not reveal pathological findings. Conclusion: In this study we could show a massive inflammatory reaction for stainless steel wear
debris in contrast to titanium wear debris at the implantation site. The elevated
blood levels of chromium and increased values of other metals in the organs suggest
the haematogenic distribution of ions from the peripherally implanted wear debris.
Schlüsselwörter
Osteosynthesematerial - Abriebpartikel - systemische Verteilung - Organanalyse
Key words
osteosynthesis - wear debris - haematological distribution - organ analysis
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Dr. med. B. Burian
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität · Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie
Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25
53105 Bonn
Telefon: 02 28/2 87 41 70
Fax: 02 28/2 87 90 91
eMail: bjoern.burian@ukb.uni-bonn.de