RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-942172
© Georg Thieme Verlag
Veränderungen im Desmodont nach experimenteller Bewegung von Zähnen mit starken und schwachen kontinuierlichen Kräften bei Hunden der Rasse Beagle[*]
Changes in the Periodontal Ligament After Experimental Tooth Movement Using High and Low Continuous Forces in Beagle DogsPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
28. September 2006 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/iok/200603/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-2006-942172-1.jpg)
Zusammenfassung
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung histologischer Veränderungen im Bereich der parodontalen Strukturen bei Hunden der Rasse Beagle, bei denen Zähne experimentell mit starken und mit schwachen kieferorthopädischen Kräften bewegt wurden. Mit Hilfe einer am zweiten Prämolar und am ersten Molar befestigten kieferorthopädischen Apparatur wurden im Unterkiefer kontinuierliche reziproke Kräfte von 25 cN in einer und 300 cN in der anderen Kieferhälfte ausgeübt. Die Bewegung der Zähne wurde wöchentlich gemessen. Nach jeweils einem, vier, 20, 40 und 80 Tagen wurden Versuchstiere für die histologische Untersuchung getötet. Zur Untersuchung des Gewebes wurden die Schnitte mit Hämatoxylin-Eosin eingefärbt, aktive Osteoblasten wurden mit alkalischer Phosphatase und Osteoklasten mit tartratstabiler saurer Phosphatase markiert. Die Umbauvorgänge im Knochen auf der Druck- und der Zugseite der Zahnwurzeln hatten nach 24 Stunden bereits eingesetzt und in einigen Schnitten fanden sich schon hyalinisierte Areale. Im Unterschied zu bisherigen Studien ließen sich sowohl bei Prämolaren, als auch bei Molaren Hyalinisierungen über den gesamten Versuchszeitraum hinweg nachweisen. Bei einigen Zähnen fanden sich hauptsächlich lingual und bukkal neben der mesiodistalen Mittellinie im parodontalen Faserapparat nur kleine hyalinisierte Bereiche, bei anderen Zähnen wiederum ausgedehntes nekrotisches Gewebe. Die Studie kommt zu dem Schluss, dass Hyalinisierungen zwar die Zahnbewegung einschränken, allerdings existiert hier kein Zusammenhang mit der Stärke der ausgeübten Kräfte.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate histological changes in the periodontal structures of beagle dogs after using high and low continuous forces during experimental tooth movement. An orthodontic appliance was placed on the second premolar and the first molar by exerting a continuous and constant reciprocal force of 25 cN on one side and 300 cN on the other side of the mandible. Tooth movement was recorded weekly. Dogs were sacrificed after one, four, 20, 40, and 80 days for histological evaluation. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used for tissue survey, staining for alkaline phosphatase as a marker was used for active osteoblasts, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was used for osteoclasts. After 24 hours, the remodeling process had already started at the pressure and tension side, and in some samples hyalinization was found. In contrast to earlier studies, hyalinization was found throughout the entire experimental period, both in molars and in premolars. In the periodontal ligament of some teeth, small patches of hyalinization were found at the pressure side, mostly located buccally or lingually of the mesiodistal plane, whereas others showed large areas of necrotic tissue. It is concluded that hyalinization limits tooth movement, but there is no relationship with the force level.
Schlüsselwörter
Desmodont - Kraftstärke - Histologie und Kieferorthopädie - Zahnbewegung
Key words
periodontal ligament - force magnitude - histology and orthodontics - tooth movement
1 Der englischsprachige Originalartikel ist erschienen im Angle Orthodontist 2004; 74: 16-25.
Literatur
- 1 Burstone C J. The biophysics of bone remodeling during orthodontics - optimal force considerations. In: Norton LA, Burstone CJ (eds). The Biology of Tooth Movement. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla 1989; 321-334
- 2 Storey E, Smith R. Force in orthodontics and its relation to tooth movement. Aust J Dent. 1952; 56 11-18
- 3 Jarabak J R, Fizzell J A. Technique and Treatment with Light-Wire Edgewise Appliances. Vol. 1. 2nd ed., CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, Mo. 1972; 353
- 4 Rygh P. Ultrastructural changes in pressure zones of human periodontium to orthodontic tooth movement. Acta Odontol Scand. 1973; 31 109-122
- 5 Reitan K. Some factors determining the evaluation of forces in orthodontics. Am J Orthod. 1957; 43 32-45
- 6 Boester C H, Johnston L E. A clinical investigation of the concepts of differential and optimal force in canine retraction. Angle Orthod. 1975; 44 113-119
- 7 Quinn R S, Yoshikawa D K. A reassessment of force magnitude in orthodontics. Am J Orthod. 1985; 88 252-260
- 8 Lee B W. The force requirements for tooth movement. Part 1: Tipping and bodily movement. Aust Orthod J. 1995; 13 238-248
- 9 Ren Y, Maltha J C, Kuijpers-Jagtman A M. Optimum force magnitude for orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic literature review. Angle Orthod. 2003; 73 86-92
- 10 Proffit W R. Biomechanics and mechanics. In: Proffit WR, Fields HW. Contemporary Orthodontics. 3rd ed. CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, Mo. 2000; 298-305
- 11 Thilander B, Rygh P, Reitan K. Tissue reactions in orthodontics. In: Graber TG, Vanarsdall R, Vig K (eds). Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques. 3rd ed., CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, Mo. 2000; 117-156
- 12 Middleton J, Jones M, Wilson A. The role of the periodontal ligament in bone modeling: the inital development of a time dependent finite element model. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996; 109 155-162
- 13 Melsen B. Biological reaction of alveolar bone to orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 1999; 69 151-158
- 14 Hujoel P P. A meta-analysis of normal ranges for root surface areas of the permanent dentition. J Clin Periodontol. 1994; 21 225-229
- 15 Van Driel W D, Van Leeuwen E J, Von den Hoff J W, Maltha J C, Kuijpers-Jagtman A M. Time-dependent mechanical behavior of the periodontal ligament. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H]. 2000; 214 497-504
- 16 Pilon J J, Kuijpers-Jagtman A M, Maltha J C. Magnitude of orthodontic forces and rate of bodily tooth movement. An experimental study in beagle dogs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996; 110 16-23
- 17 Van Leeuwen E J, Maltha J C, Kuijpers-Jagtman A M. Tooth movement with light continuous and discontinuous forces in Beagle dogs. Eur J Oral Sci. 1999; 107 468-474
- 18 Van De Wijngaert F P, Burger E H. Demonstration of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatse in un-decalcified, glycolmethacrylate-embedded mouse bone: a possible marker for (pre)osteoclast identification. J Histochem Cytochem. 1986; 34 1317-1323
- 19 Reitan K. Clinical and histologic observations on tooth movement during and after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1967; 53 721-745
- 20 Reitan K. Tissue behaviour during orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod. 1960; 46 881-900
- 21 Lee B W. Relationship between tooth-movement rate and estimated pressure applied. J Dent Res. 1965; 44 1053
- 22 Gibson J M, King G J, Keeling S D. Long-term orthodontic tooth movement response to short-term force in the rat. Angle Orthod. 1992; 62 211-215
- 23 Konoo T, Kim Y J, Gu G M, King G J. Intermittent force in orthodontic tooth movement. J Dent Res. 2001; 80 457-460
- 24 Verna C, Dalstra M, Melsen B. The rate and the type of orthodontic tooth movement is influenced by bone turnover in a rat model. Eur J Orthod. 2000; 22 343-352
- 25 Alvarez Rodriguez L, Steimetz T, Ubios A M, Cabrini R L. An original orthodontic appliance for experimental mesial movements in rats. Acta Odontol Latinoam. 1996; 9 45-49
- 26 Hixon E H, Atikian H, Callow G E, McDonald H W, Tacy R J. Optimal force, differenzial force, and anchorage. Am J Orthod. 1969; 5 437-457
- 27 Katona T R, Paydar N H, Akay H U, Roberts W E. Stress analysis of bone modeling response to rat molar orthodontics. J Biomech. 1995; 28 27-38
- 28 Ohyama N, Yamaguchi S. Effects of phenylephrine and prazosin on axial movement of the rat incisor and arterial blood pressure. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1999; 80 271-274
- 29 Row K L, Johnson R B. Distribution of 3H-proline within transseptal fibers of the rat following release of orthodontic forces. Am J Anat. 1990; 189 179-188
- 30 Sandstedt C. Einige Beiträge zur Theorie der Zahnregulierung. Nord Tandlæk Tidskr. 1904; 5 236-256
- 31 Hirashita A, Noda K, Kaida K, Nakamura Y, Kuwabara Y. Phagocytosis of collagen by fibroblasts incident to experimental tooth movement. Arch Histol Jpn. 1985; 48 149-158
- 32 Cooper S M, Sims M R. Evidence of acute inflammation in the periodontal ligament subsequent to orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Aust Orthod J. 1989; 11 107-109
- 33 Owman-Moll P. Orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption with special reference to force magnitude and duration. Swed Dent J. 1995; Suppl 105 1-45
- 34 Epker B N, Frost H M. Correlation of bone resorption and formation with the physical behavior of loaded bone. J Dent Res. 1965; 44 33-41
- 35 Iwasaki L R, Haack J E, Nickel J C, Morton J. Human tooth movement in response to continuous stress of low magnitude. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000; 117 175-183
- 36 Tong Y. Forced tooth movement in rats and its histologic changes. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1990; 25 268-270
- 37 Owman-Moll P, Kurol J, Lundgren D. Effects of a doubled orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorption. An inter-individual study in adolescents. Eur J Orthod. 1996; 18 141-150
- 38 King G J, Keeling S D, McCoy E A, Ward T H. Measuring dental drift and orthodontic tooth movement in response to various initial forces in adult rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991; 99 456-465
- 39 Lee B W. The force requirements for tooth movement. Part 1: Tipping and bodily movement. Aust Orthod J. 1995; 13 238-248
1 Der englischsprachige Originalartikel ist erschienen im Angle Orthodontist 2004; 74: 16-25.
Prof. Dr. A. M. Kuijpers-Jagtman
Department of Orthodontics and Oral Biology · College of Dental Science · University Medical Center · Nijmegen
117 Tandheelkunde
P.O. Box 91 01
NL-6500 HB Nijmegen
eMail: a.kuijpers-jagtman@dent.umcn.nl