Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die benigne Gallengangsstenose tritt meist postoperativ, bei der primär sklerosierenden Cholangitis oder infolge einer Erkrankung des Pankreas, auf. Sie stellt für Gastroenterologen und Chirurgen ein schwieriges Problem dar, vor allem, wenn sie endoskopisch retrograd nicht erreichbar ist. Der exakte Stellenwert einer perkutan transhepatischen Drainage bei diesen Fällen ist noch nicht abschließend evaluiert. Material und Methoden: 36 Patienten mit einer benignen Gallengangsstenose oder Striktur nach operativem Eingriff wurden mit einer transhepatischen Drainage versorgt und prospektiv beobachtet. Schwerpunktmäßig gingen wir der Frage nach, wie viele Patienten ein gutes Dilatationsergebnis der Stenose/Striktur erreichten und damit eine Versorgung ohne Drainage tolerierten. Ergebnisse: Die primäre Erfolgsrate der perkutanen transhepatischen Cholangio-Drainage (PTCD) war 92 % (33/36 Patienten). Bei allen Patienten kam es zu einem Rückgang von Cholestase und Ikterus. Ein gutes Dilatationsergebnis (Versorgung ohne PTCD) und klinische Beschwerdebesserung konnte in 72 % (26/36 Pat.) nach einer medianen Zeit von 14,5 (6-34) Monaten erzielt werden. Bei 5,5 % der Patienten (2/36) war eine Dauerdrainage bei persistierender Stenose notwendig. 22 % (8/36 Pat.) profitierten klinisch von der Therapie ohne radiologischen Nachweis einer Aufweitung der Stenose. Ein Therapieversagen zeigte sich im Langzeit-Follow-up von 48 Monaten bei 27 % (10/36) der Patienten. Fazit: Die perkutane transhepatische Dialatationstherapie (PTCD) der symptomatischen benignen Gallengangsstenose stellt eine sichere und hocheffektive Therapie zur Ableitung dar. Ein therapeutischer Benefit scheint sich dabei nicht nur für die Akuttherapie, sondern auch in der Langzeitversorgung zu ergeben, so dass die Methode als eine suffiziente Alternative zur operativen Therapie in Betracht gezogen werden muss.
Abstract
Purpose: The occurrence of benign bile duct stenoses is mostly associated with prior biliary surgery, pancreatic diseases or sclerosing cholangitis. It remains a challenging problem for gastroenterologists and surgeons, especially in case the endoscopic approach is not possible. The exact role of percutaneous transhepatic stenting for these patients has not yet been clearly defined. Material and Methods: 36 patients with symptomatic benign bile duct stenoses or strictures after surgery underwent percutaneous transhepatic stenting and were studied prospectively. We were particularly interested in how many patients would achieve resolution of the stricture and tolerate removal of the drainage in the long-run. Results: The primary success rate of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was 92 % (33/36 patients). All patients presented improvement of jaundice and cholestasis. Relief of the stricture and clinical improvement was achieved in 72 % (26/36) of patients after a median stenting time of 14.5 (6-34) months. 5.5 % (2/36) required further stenting due to a persistent stricture. A clinical recovery without radiological stricture regression after stenting demonstrated 22 % (8/36) of patients. Long-term failures were noted in 27 % (10/36) of patients after a median follow-up of 48 months. Conclusions: Percutaneous transhepatic stenting of symptomatic benign biliary strictures is safe and highly effective in achieving adequate internal bile drainage. There seems to be a therapeutic benefit not only for short-term interventional treatment but also as a sufficient long-term therapeutic alternative to surgery with tolerable complication rates.
Schlüsselwörter
benigne Gallengangsstenose - perkutane transhepatische Drainage - Langzeitstenting
Key words
benign biliary stricture - percutaneous transhepatic drainage - long-term stenting
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Prof. Dr. J. F. Riemann
Medizinische Klinik C · Klinikum Ludwigshafen
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67063 Ludwigshafen
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