Abstract
A method for the synthesis of isoxazolines N -oxides from primary aliphatic nitro compounds and olefins based on the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of intermediate 1-halo-substituted silyl nitronates, followed by halosilane elimination has been described. The nature of the halogen atom plays a key role in determining the stability and reactivity of all intermediates of this process. Bromonitro compounds can be conveniently used in reactions with terminal alkenes, while fluorinated derivatives must be employed for internal olefins.
Key words
aliphatic nitro compounds - silyl nitronates - 1-halo-substituted nitro compounds - 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
References
1a
Denmark SE.
Thorarensen A.
Chem. Rev.
1996,
96:
137
1b
Seebach D.
Lyapkalo IM.
Dahinden R.
Helv. Chim. Acta
1999,
82:
1829
For recent studies on six-membered nitronates see:
1c
Tishkov AA.
Lesiv AV.
Khomutova YA.
Strelenko YuA.
Nesterov ID.
Antipin MYu.
Ioffe SL.
Denmark SE.
J. Org. Chem.
2003,
68:
9477
1d
Smirnov VO.
Ioffe SL.
Tishkov AA.
Khomutova YA.
Nesterov ID.
Antipin MYu.
Smit WA.
Tartakovsky VA.
J. Org. Chem.
2004,
69:
8485
2a
Kohler EP.
Barrett GR.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1924,
46:
2105
2b
Tartakovsky VA.
Gribov BG.
Savostianova IA.
Novikov SS.
Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci. (Engl. Transl.)
1965,
14:
1602
2c
Clagett M.
Gooch A.
Graham P.
Holy N.
Mains B.
Strunk J.
J. Org. Chem.
1976,
41:
4033
2d
Kaji E.
Zen S.
Chem. Pharm. Bull.
1980,
28:
479
2e
Arai N.
Narasaka K.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.
1997,
70:
2525
2f
Scardovi N.
Casalini A.
Peri F.
Righi P.
Org. Lett.
2002,
4:
965
2g
Kanemasa S.
Yoshimiya T.
Wada E.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1998,
39:
8869
2h
Rosini G.
Marotta E.
Righi P.
Seerden J.-P.
J. Org. Chem.
1991,
56:
6258
2i
Marotta E.
Baravelli M.
Maini L.
Righi P.
Rosini G.
J. Org. Chem.
1998,
63:
8235
2j
Rosini G.
Galarini R.
Marotta E.
Righi P.
J. Org. Chem.
1990,
55:
781
2k
Galli C.
Marotta E.
Righi P.
Rosini G.
J. Org. Chem.
1995,
60:
6624
2l
Gil MV.
Roman E.
Serrano JA.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2000,
41:
3221
2m
Falck JR.
Yu J.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1992,
33:
6723
3
Kunetsky RA.
Dilman AD.
Ioffe SL.
Struchkova MI.
Strelenko YA.
Tartakovsky VA.
Org. Lett.
2003,
5:
4907
4
Frisch MJ.
Trucks GW.
Schlegel HB.
Scuseria GE.
Robb MA.
Cheeseman JR.
Zakrzewski VG.
Montgomery JAJr.
Stratmann RE.
Burant JC.
Dapprich S.
Millam JM.
Daniels AD.
Kudin KN.
Strain MC.
Farkas O.
Tomasi J.
Barone V.
Cossi M.
Cammi R.
Mennucci B.
Pomelli C.
Adamo C.
Clifford S.
Ochterski J.
Petersson GA.
Ayala PY.
Cui Q.
Morokuma K.
Malick DK.
Rabuck AD.
Raghavachari K.
Foresman JB.
Cioslowski J.
Ortiz JV.
Stefanov BB.
Liu G.
Liashenko A.
Piskorz P.
Komaromi I.
Gomperts R.
Martin RL.
Fox DJ.
Keith T.
Al-Laham MA.
Peng CY.
Nanayakkara A.
Gonzalez C.
Challacombe M.
Gill PMW.
Johnson B.
Chen W.
Wong MW.
Andres JL.
Gonzalez C.
Head-Gordon M.
Replogle ES.
Pople JA.
Gaussian 98
Gaussian Inc.;
Pittsburgh USA:
1998.
5 In a preliminary experiment we observed that the cycloaddition of a 1-chlorosilyl nitronate proceeded slightly faster than that of analogous bromo derivative.
6 When this work was in progress, the fluorination of nitro compounds with Selectfluor was reported: Peng W.
Shreeve JM.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2005,
46:
4905
7 The rate of elimination of halosilane from 3-halo-N -silyloxyisoxazolidines depends on many factors such as nature of the halogen and structural features of the heterocyclic ring. For instance, reaction of tert -butyl-dimethylsilyl nitronate from 1-bromonitroethane with di(methoxycarbonyl)acetylene affords cycloadduct, which does not eliminate bromosilane at room temperature. The mechanism of halosilane elimination is currently under investigation.
8 Upon chromatography adduct 5b decomposed completely, whereas for 5b′ one diasteromer could be isolated.
9
Torssell KBG.
Nitrile Oxides, Nitrones, and Nitronates in Organic Synthesis
VCH;
Weinheim:
1988.
p.45
10
Natsibullin FY.
Oreshko GV.
Eremenko LT.
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim.
1971,
2344 ; Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci. (Engl. Transl.) 1971 , 2230
11
Takeuchi Y.
Nagata K.
Koizumi T.
J. Org. Chem.
1989,
54:
5453