Zusammenfassung
Dies ist der erste Fallbericht einer pulmonalen Nokardiose durch Nocardia paucivorans bei einem Patienten ohne Hinweise auf Immunsuppression. Ein 54-jähriger Landwirt (Viehbauer) litt seit Herbst 2004 unter Husten und intermittierendem Fieber bis 38,5 °C. Anamnestisch gab es keine Zeichen primärer oder sekundärer Immundefekte. In der Thorax-Übersicht und im CT zeigte sich bei stationärer Aufnahme im Februar 2005 ein pneumonisches Infiltrat im rechten Mittel- und Unterfeld, das unter antibiotischer Therapie mit Telithromycin progredient war. In der transbronchialen Biopsie wurden diskrete granulomatöse Veränderungen nachgewiesen. Aus Sputum, Bronchialsekret und Biopsiematerial ließ sich Nocardia paucvivorans anzüchten. Die Therapie wurde kalkuliert mit Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazol (TMP/SMX) und Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure per os begonnen. In der Empfindlichkeitstestung zeigte sich Resistenz gegen TMP/SMX, das daraufhin durch Ciprofloxacin ersetzt wurde. Nach 6 Monaten oraler Therapie waren Husten, Fieber und das Lungeninfiltrat vollständig verschwunden. Der Fall zeigt einmal mehr, dass Nokardiosen nicht auf Patienten mit Immundefekten beschränkt sind und orale Therapie unter Umständen erfolgversprechend ist. Bei Verdacht auf Nokardiose wird ein Risiko-basiertes Diagnostik- und Therapieschema vorgeschlagen und empfohlen.
Abstract
This is so far the first published case report of a Nocardia paucivorans infection in an immunocompetent patient. A 54-year-old farmer was hospitalised with a history of coughing and fever for a period of five months. There was no indicator of either primary of secondary immunodeficiency in the prior medical history. A chest X-ray showed pneumonic infiltrates in the right middle und lower lobes, which progressed despite of antibiotic therapy with macrolides. A transbronchial biopsy revealed unspecific granulomatous inflammation of soft tissues. N. paucivorans grew in cultures of sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, and transbronchial biopsy. Oral antibiotic therapy was started with trimethoprime-sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. Susceptibility testing revealed high level resistance to TMP/SMX, which was consequently replaced by ciprofloxacin. Six months later, infiltrates had completely resolved and the patient did not report any residual clinical symptoms. The present case showed once again that nocardiosis is not limited to patients with immunodeficiencies. However, conservative combination therapy with oral antibiotics seems to be sufficiently effective for nocardiosis in the immunocompetent patient. For cases of suspected nocardiosis, a step-wise, risk-based diagnostic and therapeutic procedure is proposed.
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Dr. med. Harald Hoffmann
Institut für Mikrobiologie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik (IML) Supranationales Referenzlabor der WHO für TB- und Mykobakterien-Diagnostik
Robert-Koch-Allee 2
82131 Gauting
eMail: harald.hoffmann@asklepios.com