Zusammenfassung
Primäre Schleimhautmelanome sind am häufigsten im sinunasalen System lokalisiert. Bei meist fortgeschrittenem Tumorstadium muss eine orbitale Beteiligung ausgeschlossen werden. Ziel unserer Evaluierung sollte sein, welche Hinweise sich zur Indikation einer Exenteratio orbitae beim T3 - 4-sinunasalen Tumorstadium finden lassen. Wir haben hierzu 14 Therapieverläufe unserer Klinik aus dem Zeitraum von 1988 bis 2004 evaluiert. Die Auswertung ergab, dass 43 % der Patienten eine Orbitabeteiligung aufwiesen. Zu einer Exenteratio orbitae wurde sich lediglich in einem Fall entschlossen. Dem Patient verblieb trotz einer Exenteratio orbitae nur eine Überlebenszeit von 28 Monaten. Weder gegenüber den anderen 9 Patienten mit einem T3 - 4-Tumorstadium (27 Monate medianer Überlebenszeit), noch gegenüber den zwei rein palliativ behandelten Patienten (10 und 21 Monate Überlebenszeit) konnte eine relevant verlängerte Überlebenszeit erreicht werden.
Schlussfolgerung: Aufgrund der hohen generalisierten Metastasierungsrate (70 % in unserem Kollektiv) ist bei fortgeschrittenem sinunasalen Tumorstadium eine Verlängerung der Überlebenszeit nur in Einzelfällen durch radikalchirurgische Maßnahmen zu erwarten. Unter Beachtung der Lebensqualität sollte eine „Tumordekompression der Orbita” in Erwägung gezogen werden.
Abstract
Primary mucosal melanomas are most frequently localized in the sinunasal system. Orbital involvement must be excluded in the mostly advanced tumor stage. The aim of our study was to find possible indications for orbital exenteration in the T3 - 4 sinunasal tumor stage.
We evaluated 14 treatment courses at our department from 1988 to 2004. The analysis disclosed orbital involvement in 43 % of the patients. The one patient submitted to orbital exenteration had a survival of only 28 months, which was not relevantly longer than in the other 9 patients with a T3 - 4 tumor stage (median survival of 27 months) or to the two patients with purely palliative treatment (survival of 10 and 21 months).
We conclude that, due to the high generalized metastasis rate, radical surgical procedures can only prolong survival in individual cases of advanced-stage sinunasal tumors. Orbital decompression should be considered with reference to the quality of life.
Schlüsselwörter
primäres Schleimhautmelanom im Kopf-Hals-Bereich - Überlebensrate - sinunasale Tumore - Exenteratio orbitae
Key words
mucosal melanoma in head and neck - survival rate - sinunasal tumors - orbital exenteration
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Dr. med. Matthias Hölzl
Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik und Poliklinik
Charité, Campus Mitte Schumannstraße 20/21 10117 Berlin
Email: matthias.hoelzl@charite.de