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DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-947219
Diagnostik und Therapie von Enterobius vermicularis-Infektionen in der Schwangerschaft: Literaturübersicht und Kasuistik
Diagnosis of and Anthelminthic Therapy for Enterobius vermicularis Infections during Pregnancy: Review of the Literature and Case ReportPublication History
Eingereicht: 27.3.2006
Angenommen nach Überarbeitung: 20.6.2006
Publication Date:
30 August 2006 (online)
Zusammenfassung
In Westeuropa und den USA ist die Enterobiasis die am häufigsten auftretende Wurmerkrankung. Vor allem Schulkinder sind betroffen. Der Mensch ist der einzige Wirt. Die Übertragung erfolgt meist fäkal-oral durch infektiöse Wurmeier. Mangelnde Handhygiene kann zur Übertragung führen, aber auch mit Wurmeiern kontaminierte Kleidung und Bettwäsche können durch Staubaufwirbelungen zur Inhalation mit anschließender Ingestion der Eier führen und eine Infektion auslösen.
Durch Eiablage in der Perianalregion der Infizierten kann ein lästiger Juckreiz entstehen. Die Diagnose der Erkrankung erfolgt durch einen Tesafilmabklatsch der Perianalregion und dem anschließenden mikroskopischen Einachweis. Extraintestinale Infektionen durch Enterobius vermicularis sind selten. Bei Frauen, auch in der Schwangerschaft, wurden jedoch im gesamten Genitaltrakt und im Peritoneum Wurmeier und adulte Würmer gefunden, die zu schweren Krankheitsbildern führten.
Wir berichten von einer Patientin in der 33. SSW, die einen ausgeprägten perianalen Juckreiz aufwies. Mikroskopisch wurden Eier von E. vermicularis nachgewiesen. Die anthelminthische Therapie erfolgte mit Mebendazol.
Die derzeitige Datenlage zeigt nach Anwendung von Mebendazol in der Schwangerschaft kein erhöhtes teratogenes Risiko, jedoch stehen weiterführende Studien noch aus.
Abstract
Intestinal infection due to the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis is the most prevalent helminthiasis in Europe and North America. Humans are the only known reservoir and young children are most often affected. The disease is highly contagious and is transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Insufficient hand hygiene, contaminated bed linens and clothes may play a role in transmission.
Clinical symptoms often encompass severe nocturnal anal pruritus, when female worms deposit an abundance of eggs in the perianal region. The infection is diagnosed by applying an adhesive tape on the perianal region, followed by microscopic examination. Serious complications, such as extraintestinal infections, occur only rarely. Infections of the female genital tract and the peritoneum are described in the literature, also in pregnant women.
We describe a case of a pregnant patient in the 33rd week of gestation with intense anal pruritus in whom an enteral pinworm infection was diagnosed. The patient was successfully treated with mebendazole, an anthelminthic agent.
Analysis of the data currently available for the administration of mebendazole during pregnancy did not show an elevated rate of congenital anomalies. However, further studies still have to be performed.
Schlüsselwörter
Enterobius vermicularis - Schwangerschaft - Mebendazol - kongenitale Fehlbildungen
Key words
Enterobius vermicularis - pregnancy - mebendazole - congenital anomalies
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Dr. med. Antonia Djakovic
Universitäts-Frauenklinik
Josef-Schneider-Str. 4
97080 Würzburg
Phone: 0931-201-25621
Email: adjakovic@gmx.de