References and Notes
<A NAME="RG13606ST-1">1</A> For a recent monography, see for example: Multicomponent Reactions
Zhu J.
Bienaymé H.
Wiley-VCH;
Weinheim:
2005.
For reviews, see for example:
<A NAME="RG13606ST-2A">2a</A>
Bienaymé H.
Hulme C.
Oddon G.
Schmitt P.
Chem. Eur. J.
2000,
6:
3321
<A NAME="RG13606ST-2B">2b</A>
Dömling A.
Ugi I.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2000,
39:
3168
<A NAME="RG13606ST-2C">2c</A>
Ugi I.
Dömling A.
Werner B.
J. Heterocycl. Chem.
2000,
37:
647
<A NAME="RG13606ST-2D">2d</A>
Weber L.
Illgen K.
Almstetter M.
Synlett
1999,
366
<A NAME="RG13606ST-2E">2e</A>
Armstrong RW.
Combs AP.
Tempest PA.
Brown SD.
Keating TA.
Acc. Chem. Res.
1996,
29:
123
<A NAME="RG13606ST-2F">2f</A>
Ugi I.
Dömling A.
Hörl W.
Endeavour
1994,
18:
115
<A NAME="RG13606ST-2G">2g</A>
Posner GH.
Chem. Rev.
1986,
86:
831
For reviews on diversity-oriented syntheses, see for example:
<A NAME="RG13606ST-3A">3a</A>
Schreiber SL.
Burke MD.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2004,
43:
46
<A NAME="RG13606ST-3B">3b</A>
Burke MD.
Berger EM.
Schreiber SL.
Science
2003,
302:
613
<A NAME="RG13606ST-3C">3c</A>
Arya P.
Chou DTH.
Baek MG.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2001,
40:
339
<A NAME="RG13606ST-3D">3d</A>
Cox B.
Denyer JC.
Binnie A.
Donnelly MC.
Evans B.
Green DVS.
Lewis JA.
Mander TH.
Merritt AT.
Valler MJ.
Watson SP.
Progr. Med. Chem.
2000,
37:
83
<A NAME="RG13606ST-3E">3e</A>
Schreiber SL.
Science
2000,
287:
1964
<A NAME="RG13606ST-4">4</A>
Kobayashi S.
Chem. Soc. Rev.
1999,
28:
1
<A NAME="RG13606ST-5">5</A>
Müller TJJ.
Ansorge M.
Aktah D.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2000,
39:
1253
For lead reviews on Sonogashira couplings, see for example:
<A NAME="RG13606ST-6A">6a</A>
Takahashi S.
Kuroyama Y.
Sonogashira K.
Hagihara N.
Synthesis
1980,
627
<A NAME="RG13606ST-6B">6b</A>
Sonogashira K. In
Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions
Diederich F.
Stang PJ.
Wiley-VCH;
Weinheim:
1998.
p.203
<A NAME="RG13606ST-6C">6c</A>
Sonogashira K.
J. Organomet. Chem.
2002,
653:
46
<A NAME="RG13606ST-6D">6d</A>
Negishi E.-I.
Anastasia L.
Chem. Rev.
2003,
103:
1979
<A NAME="RG13606ST-7">7</A>
Dediu OG.
Yehia NAM.
Müller TJJ.
Z. Naturforsch., B: Chem. Sci.
2004,
59:
443
<A NAME="RG13606ST-8">8</A>
Müller TJJ.
Braun R.
Ansorge M.
Org. Lett.
2000,
2:
1967
<A NAME="RG13606ST-9A">9a</A>
Braun RU.
Müller TJJ.
Tetrahedron
2004,
60:
9463
<A NAME="RG13606ST-9B">9b</A>
Braun RU.
Zeitler K.
Müller TJJ.
Org. Lett.
2000,
2:
4181
<A NAME="RG13606ST-10A">10a</A>
Braun RU.
Müller TJJ.
Synthesis
2004,
2391
<A NAME="RG13606ST-10B">10b</A>
Braun RU.
Zeitler K.
Müller TJJ.
Org. Lett.
2001,
3:
3297
<A NAME="RG13606ST-11A">11a</A>
Dediu OG.
Yehia NAM.
Oeser T.
Polborn K.
Müller TJJ.
Eur. J. Org. Chem.
2005,
1834
<A NAME="RG13606ST-11B">11b</A>
Yehia NAM.
Polborn K.
Müller TJJ.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2002,
43:
6907
For recent reviews and monographs on microwave- accelerated syntheses, see for example:
<A NAME="RG13606ST-12A">12a</A>
Kappe CO.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2004,
43:
6250
<A NAME="RG13606ST-12B">12b</A>
Nüchter M.
Ondruschka B.
Bonrath W.
Gum A.
Green Chem.
2004,
6:
128
<A NAME="RG13606ST-12C">12c</A>
Nüchter M.
Müller U.
Ondruschka B.
Tied A.
Lautenschläger W.
Chem. Eng. Technol.
2003,
26:
1207
<A NAME="RG13606ST-12D">12d</A>
de la Hoz A.
D’Waz-Ortis A.
Moreno A.
Langa F.
Eur. J. Org. Chem.
2000,
3659
<A NAME="RG13606ST-12E">12e</A>
Xu Y.
Guo Q.-X.
Heterocycles
2004,
63:
903
<A NAME="RG13606ST-12F">12f</A>
Microwaves in Organic Synthesis
Loupy A.
Wiley-VCH;
Weinheim:
2002.
<A NAME="RG13606ST-12G">12g</A>
Hayes BL.
Microwave Synthesis: Chemistry at the Speed of Light
CEM Publishing;
Matthews, NC:
2002.
<A NAME="RG13606ST-12H">12h</A>
Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis
Lidström P.
Tierney JP.
Blackwell;
Oxford:
2004.
<A NAME="RG13606ST-12I">12i</A>
Kappe CO.
Stadler A.
Microwaves in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry
Wiley-VCH;
Weinheim:
2005.
For microwave-accelerated Sonogashira coupling in homogenous media, see for example:
<A NAME="RG13606ST-13A">13a</A>
Petricci E.
Radi M.
Corelli F.
Botta M.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2003,
44:
9181
<A NAME="RG13606ST-13B">13b</A>
Kaval N.
Bisztray K.
Dehaen W.
Kappe CO.
Van der Eycken E.
Mol. Diversity
2003,
7:
125
<A NAME="RG13606ST-13C">13c</A>
Erdelyi M.
Gogoll A.
J. Org. Chem.
2001,
66:
4165
<A NAME="RG13606ST-14">14</A>
Typical Procedure (7a, Entry 1).
A magnetically stirred solution of 182 mg (1.00 mmol) of 1a, 139 mg (1.05 mmol) of 2a, 20 mg (0.02 mmol) of Pd(PPh3)Cl2, and 2 mg (0.01 mmol) of CuI in a degassed mixture of 0.5 mL of Et3N and 1.5 mL of THF in a sealed microwave vial under nitrogen was heated by microwave
irradiation to 150 °C for 15 min. After cooling to r.t. 726 mg (3.00 mmol) of enaminone
6a and 0.75 mL of AcOH were added and the reaction mixture was heated by microwave irradiation
to 150 °C for another 10 min. After aqueous work-up and chromatography on silica gel
(hexane-acetone, 2:1) and recrystallization from acetone 311 mg (68%) of 7a were obtained as yellow crystals. Mp. 227 °C. IR (KBr): 2219, 1632 cm-1.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d
6): δ = 1.80 (s, 3 H), 2.75-2.81 (m, 1 H), 2.94-3.12 (m, 3 H), 3.68-3.89 (m, 2 H),
4.17 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.49 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.00-7.05 (m, 3 H), 7.14 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.21-7.29 (m, 4 H), 7.32 (d, J = 8.12 Hz, 2 H), 7.36 (d, J = 8.12 Hz, 1 H), 7.62 (d, J = 8.12 Hz, 1 H), 7.69 (d, J = 8.12 Hz, 2 H), 10.92 (s, 1 H), 11.72 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 75.5 MHz): δ = 26.6 (CH2), 26.9 (CH2), 38.6 (CH3), 34.8 (CH2), 38.2 (CH), 42.4 (CH2), 97.7 (CH) 108.9 (Cquat.), 110.9 (Cquat.), 111.5 (Cquat.), 115.7 (CH), 118.2 (Cquat.), 118.5 (CH), 118.9 (CH), 121.0 (CH), 123.7 (CH), 125.5 (CH), 127.0 (Cquat.), 128.3 (CH), 128.5 (CH), 128.8 (CH), 132.0 (CH), 136.4 (Cquat.), 138.6 (Cquat.), 145.2 (Cquat.), 146.9 (Cquat.), 151.1 (Cquat.), 156.1 (Cquat.), 192.8 (Cquat.). MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = 457 (14) [M+], 414 (12) [M+ - CH3CO], 327 (44) [M+ - C9H8N+], 144 (4) [C10H10N+], 130 (100) [C9H8N+]. Anal. Calcd for C31H27N3O (457.6): C, 81.40; H, 5.91; N, 9.19. Found: C, 81.02; H, 6.05; N, 9.09.
<A NAME="RG13606ST-15">15</A>
All compounds have been fully characterized spectroscopically and by correct elemental
analysis or HRMS, respectively.
<A NAME="RG13606ST-16">16</A>
Crystallographic data (excluding structure factors) for the structures reported in
this paper have been deposited with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre as
supplementary publication nos. CCDC-605608 (7a), and CCDC-605609 (9d). Copies of the data can be obtained free of charge on application to CCDC, 12 Union
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK [Fax: +44 (1223)336-033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam. ac.uk].
<A NAME="RG13606ST-17">17</A>
Typical Procedure (9a, Entry 1).
A magnetically stirred solution of 182 mg (1.00 mmol) of 1a, 139 mg (1.05 mmol) of 2a, 20 mg (0.02 mmol) of Pd(PPh3)Cl2, and 2 mg (0.01 mmol) of CuI in a degassed mixture of 0.5 mL of Et3N and 1.5 mL of THF in a sealed microwave vial under nitrogen was heated by microwave
irradiation to 150 °C for 15 min. After cooling to r.t. 576 mg (3.00 mmol) of enaminone
8a and 0.75 mL of AcOH were added and the reaction mixture was heated by microwave irradiation
to 150 °C for another 10 min. After work-up and chromatography on silica gel (toluene-acetone,
3:1) and recrystallization from acetone 227 mg (66%) of 9a were obtained as light yellow crystals. Mp. 164 °C. IR (KBr): 2227, 1644, 1608 cm-1.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d
6): δ = 2.79 (s, 3 H), 2.96 (s, 3 H), 2.99-3.01 (m, 2 H), 3.97 (ddd, J = 6.0, 12.0, 12.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.08 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.45 (s, 1 H), 7.31-7.50 (m, 7 H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.16 Hz, 2 H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 35.3 (CH2), 35.5 (CH3), 37.4 (CH3), 43.6 (CH), 54.7 (CH), 110.6 (Cquat.), 118.5 (Cquat.), 124.2 (CH), 125.5 (CH), 128.1 (CH), 128.7 (CH), 130.4 (CH), 132.7 (CH), 137.3 (Cquat.), 147.6 (Cquat.), 158.1 (Cquat.), 168.3 (Cquat.), 194.8 (Cquat.). MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = 344 (30) [M+], 300(7) [M+ - C2H6N+], 272 (100) [M+ - C2H6NCO], 244 (6) [M+ - C2H6NCO - CO], 72 (23) [C2H6NCO+]. Anal. Calcd for C22H20N2O2 (344.4): C, 76.72; H, 5.85; N, 8.13. Found: C, 76.96; H, 5.89; N, 8.15.