Abstract
The diurnal variation in insulin-stimulated systemic glucose and amino acid utilization was investigated in eleven pigs of ∼ 40 kg. Pigs were fed isoenergetic/isoproteinic diets (366 kJ/kg BW0.75 per meal) in two daily rations (06:00 and 18:00 h). After a 3-week habituation period, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic euaminoacidemic clamp studies (by intra-portal insulin, glucose and amino acids infusion and arterial blood sampling) were performed starting at 06:00 or 18:00 h (while skipping the meal), using a cross-over within-animal design. Basal (preclamp) plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, lactate, individual amino acids and urea were similar in the morning compared to the evening. Insulin-stimulated (∼ 4-fold increase over basal) systemic glucose utilization was similar (17.6±1.4 and 18.9±1.8 mg·kg-1·min-1) but amino acid utilization was 19% greater in the morning vs. the evening (2.37±0.21 vs. 1.99±0.15 mg·kg-1·min-1, p<0.05), respectively. Insulin-stimulated plasma lactate concentrations remained constant in the morning (0.77±0.06 to 0.71±0.04 mmol·l-1) but declined in the evening (0.89±0.09 to 0.65±0.06 mmol·l-1, p<0.05). By contrast, insulin-stimulated plasma urea concentrations declined in the morning (2.48±0.11 to 2.03±0.10 mmol·l-1, p<0.005) but remained constant in the evening (2.18±0.14 to 2.12±0.12 mmol·l-1). In conclusion, pigs fed identical meals at 12-hour intervals follow a clear diurnal biorhythm in protein anabolism, with greater insulin-stimulated systemic amino acid utilization and lower plasma urea response in the morning compared to the evening.
Key words
Insulin sensitivity - circadian rhythm - protein anabolism - autonomic nervous system - urea - lactate - swine
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Correspondence
S. J. Koopmans
Animal Sciences Group·Division of Nutrition and Food·Wageningen University
Edelhertweg 15·P.O. Box 65·8200 AB Lelystad·The Netherlands
Telefon: +31/320/23 73 27
Fax: +31/320/23 73 20
eMail: sietse-jan.koopmans@wur.nl
