Fettarme oder fettreiche Ernährung? - der Königsweg liegt in der Mitte

Zusammenfassung

Fett ist der Nährstoff mit der größten Energiedichte sowie Träger von essenziellen Fettsäuren und fettlöslichen Vitaminen. Der Fettanteil in der Ernährung in verschiedenen Kulturen reicht von unter 20 Energie% bis über 40 Energie%. Extreme Relationen der Makronährstoffe können durchaus nachteilige Folgen haben. Fettarme (20 Energie%) Ernährung erhöht z. B. die Triglyzeride und das Risiko eines Mangels an fettlöslichen Vitaminen, fettreiche (40 Energie%) Ernährung, insbesondere an gesättigten Fettsäuren reiche Ernährung, erhöht das LDL-Cholesterol und begünstigt den Anstieg des Körpergewichts. Eine fettmoderate (30 Energie%) Ernährung mit mehr ungesättigten und weniger gesättigten Fettsäuren vermeidet unerwünschte Wirkungen und verspricht präventive Effekte mit guter Compliance.

Abstract

Fat is the nutrient with the highest energy density and a carrier of essential fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins. The fat percentage in diets in different cultures varies from below 20 energy% up to more than 40 energy%. Extreme relations of macronutrients may have also some adverse effects. Low (20 energy%) fat diets for instance increase triglyceride concentrations and the risk of fat soluble vitamin deficiency. High (40 energy%) fat diets, especialy high saturated fat diets increase LDL cholesterol and favour the increase of body weight. A diet moderate (30 energy%) in fat and with more unsaturated and less saturated fatty acids avoids adverse effects and promises präventive effects with good compliance.

Schlüsselwörter

fettreiche - fettarme - fettmoderate Ernährung - Vorteile - Nachteile

Key words

diets high - low - moderate in fat - advantages - disadvantages

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