Zusammenfassung
Neue respiratorische Viren wurden in den letzten Jahren im Zusammenhang mit Pneumonien beim Menschen nachgewiesen. Das plötzliche Erscheinen des schweren akuten respiratorischen Syndroms (SARS) im Jahr 2003 zeigte, dass eine neue und hoch infektiöse, durch ein bisher nicht bekanntes Virus verursachte Erkrankung in der Lage war, sich rasch auszubreiten, durch stringente Maßnahmen jedoch kontrolliert werden konnte. Das aviäre Influenza A-H5N1-Virus hoher Pathogenität hat in zahlreichen Fällen die Spezies-Barriere zwischen Menschen, Säugetieren und Vögeln übersprungen und stellt eine ernstzunehmende pandemische Bedrohung dar. Die Anwendung des bisher Gelernten und die Weiterentwicklung präventiver Strategien, effizienter Vakzine und antiviraler Substanzen sind neben weltweiter Überwachungsmaßnahmen entscheidend um ein erneutes, verstärktes oder erstmaliges Erscheinen von viralen Krankheitserregern wie des SARS-CoV, Influenza A-H5N1-Virus oder neuer Viren rasch zu erkennen, deren Ausbreitung einzudämmen und sie zu besiegen.
Abstract
New respiratory viruses associated with pneumonia have in the past few years been detected in humans. The sudden appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 demonstrated that an emerging and highly infectious disease caused by a hitherto unknown virus was able to spread rapidly, but could finally be contained by stringent measures. The avian influenza A-H5N1-virus of high pathogenicity has crossed in multiple instances the species barriers between humans, mammals, and birds posing a serious pandemic threat. The application of the so far learnt and the continued development of preventive strategies, efficient vaccines, and antiviral substances are besides worldwide surveillance decisive to rapidly detect the repeated, enforced, or new appearance of viruses like the SARS-CoV, influenza A-H5N1 virus, or of new viruses, to contain their spread, and to defeat them.
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Gerhard Hoheisel
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