Geographical Variation in the Major Compounds of Aloe ferox Leaf Exudate

B.-E. van Wyk; M. C. B. van Rheede van Oudtshoorn; G. F. Smith

doi:10.1055/s-2006-958066

Planta Medica, Table of Contents

Planta Med 1995; 61(3): 250-253
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-958066

Paper

Geographical Variation in the Major Compounds of Aloe ferox Leaf Exudate

B.-E. van Wyk¹ , M. C. B. van Rheede van Oudtshoorn² , G. F. Smith³

¹Department of Botany, Rand Afrikaans University, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
²South African Druggists Limited, 17 Eastern Service Road, Eastgate Extention 8, Sandton 2146, South Africa
³National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

Abstract

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Abstract

Geographical variation in fresh Aloe ferox leaf exudate of which the dried product is commercially known as Cape Aloes, was investigated throughout the natural distribution range of the species. The composition of the major compounds is remarkably invariable, with aloeresin A, aloesin, and aloin (both epimers A and B) contributing between 70% and 97% of total dry weight, in a ratio of approximately 4: 3: 2, respectively. Minor compounds are less evenly distributed, with aloinoside A and aloinoside B more frequent in the western parts of the distribution area and aloeresin C and 5-hydroxyaloin A generally present in small quantities throughout the distribution area. The aloin content of the exudate is clearly related to provenance but there are no distinct geographical discontinuities. The selection of high-yielding provenances, with total aloin levels above 25%, is recommended for commercial cultivation.

key words

Aloe ferox - Asphodelaceae - geographical variation - leaf exudate - Cape Aloes - aloin - anthrones - chromones

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