Effect of Schisandrin B on Hepatic Glutathione Antioxidant System in Mice: Protection against Carbon Tetrachloride Toxicity

Abstract

Pretreating female Balb/c mice with schisandrin B (Sch B) at increasing daily doses (1-4 mmol/kg) for 3 days caused dose-dependent increases in hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GRD) activities. However, the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), Se-glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) were down-regulated to varying degrees in a dose-dependent manner. While there were biphasic changes in hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) level as well as susceptibility of hepatic tissue homogenates to in vitro peroxide-induced GSH depletion, a gradual decrease in hepatic malondialdehyde content was observed. The beneficial effect of Sch B on the hepatic GSH antioxidant system became more evident after CC1₄ challenge. The same Sch B pretreatment regimen caused a dose-dependent protection against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotection was associated with significant enhancement in hepatic GSH status, as indicated by the substantial increase in tissue GSH levels and the corresponding decrease in susceptibility of tissue homogenates to GSH depletion. Where the activities of GST and GRD were increased linearly over non-CCl₄ control values, there was also a gradual elevation in G6PDH activity upon administration of increasing doses of Sch B. In contrast, GPX activity was moderately down-regulated. The ensemble of results suggests that the hepatoprotection afforded by Sch B pretreatment may mainly be attributed to the enhancement in the functioning of the hepatic GSH antioxidant system, possibly through stimulating the activities of GSH related enzymes.

Key words

Schisandra chinensis - Schisandraceae/Magnoliaceae - schisandrin B - glutathione S-transferases - glutathione reductase - glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase - carbon tetrachloride