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Planta Med 1991; 57(6): 536-542
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-960201
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© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Formation of Nitrogen-Containing Metabolites from Geniposide and Gardenoside by Human Intestinal Bacteria

Yukio Kawata1 , Masao Hattori1 , Teruaki Akao2 , Kyoichi Kobashi2 , Tsuneo Namba1
  • 1Research Institute for Wakan-Yaku (Traditional Sino-Japanese Medicines), Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-01, Japan.
  • 2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-01, Japan
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Publikationsverlauf

1990

Publikationsdatum:
05. Januar 2007 (online)

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Abstract

During the course of our studies on the metabolism of iridoid glycosides by human intestinal bacteria, we found that geniposide (1) and gardenoside (4) were transformed to new nitrogen-containing compounds, genipinine (3) and gardenine (6), respectively, along with the known aglycones. Although the amounts of new metabolites were somewhat lower than those of the aglycones, they were quantitatively analyzed by means of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Of 25 strains of human intestinal bacteria, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Bacteroides fragilis ssp. thetaotus produced appreciable amounts of 3, while a bacterial mixture of human feces produced 10 times or more higher amounts of 3, as compared to the individual strains.

Key words

Gardenine - gardenoside - genipinine - geniposide - metabolism - intestinal bacteria - LC/MS - monoterpene alkaloid