Cytokines in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

ABSTRACT

Immunoreactivity to intra- and extracellular antigens is regulated mainly by two different types ofT-helper cells, namely T_H1 (producing mainly IFN-γ and IL-2) and T_H2 (producing IL-4, -5, -10). Both types cross-regulate each other. T_H1 mechanisms seem to be involved principally in organ-specific auto aggressive disorders, while T_H2 response is an expression of allergic conditions characterized by eosinophilic reactions and increased IgE levels. There are only a few reports dealing with cytokine profiles in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). From studies analyzing the cytokine gene expression and cytokines in supernatants of nonstimulated and antigen-specific lymphocytes derived from the affected liver or peripheral blood of PBC patients, there is evidence that, in the course of the disease, predominantly THI cells are activated. However, in view of the eosinophilic reaction observed especially in patients with early PBC, it may well be that a switch from T_H2 to T_H1 occurs. Concerning the regulatory function of T_H1/T_H2 cells, a more refined evaluation of these T-cell subsets could help to provide new insight into the natural course of PBC.

KEY WORDS

primary biliary cirrhosis - cytokines - T-cell subpopulations